My personal Experience of Globalization Essay

Globalization is procedure of growing exchange and trade everywhere throughout the world by making an outskirts less market. Despite the fact that globalization is a prudent procedure yet it has numerous social and social perspectives in our day by day life. For instance, I am utilizing a nokia phone that was planned in Finland and gathered in China. I am composing this task by utilizing a HP PC that was likewise amassed in China and planned by USA, and this PC runs by â€Å"Windows 7† working framework †which is a result of popular US programming organization â€Å"Microsoft†. I likewise use Qubee Broadband of Augere Wireless Limited that is possessed by a worldwide organization of United Kingdom. I have a Nikon DSLR camera that was planned in Japan and gathered in China from parts made in Japan, Germany, China and Malaysia. I am dependant on a few items, for example, Head and Shoulder (Procter and Gamble-USA), Dove (Unilever-England and Netherland), Tang (Kraft F oods-USA), Pepsi (USA) and so on. Every one of these items in my grasp is a consequence of procedure of globalization.KFC and Pizza Hut are two US based café network that become well known in our nation. Globalization has been related with a scope of social results. Globalization is progressively presenting individuals to various perspectives. We know in a split second what's going on other piece of the world through satellite station. Social impacts of globalization have found in way of life of urban individuals, choice of attire, utilization of food and festivity of various celebrations or events that are not related with our way of life. I praise kinship day, watch Hollywood film and become a cheap food darling, which are plainly social effects of globalization. Through the procedure of globalization the monetary reliance has been expanding step by step. Presently Bangladeshi ladies are the significant donors in national fare profit. In Bangladesh, 77 percent of the outside income originate from the Ready Made Garment (RMG) area and around 80 percent of the laborers in this segment are ladies. A year ago my uncle brought a Reebok coat from Malaysia that is named as â€Å"Made in Bangladesh†. Albeit monetary improvement is the essential target of globalization however it additionally acquire numerous progressions our social and social life.

Revaluation of Yuan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revaluation of Yuan - Essay Example In spite of the fact that this degrading will help the fares of the remote nations to develop, it will hurt the residential development points of view of China, including conservation of household development and dependability, and furthermore the steadiness of political force. In contrast to different nations, the socialist ideological group of the nation has kept up an equivalent circulation of merchandise and enterprises and pay among the least fortunate segment of the nation, being reliable with the high pace of monetary development. The creator has opined that an abrupt downgrading of Yuan will hurt the business structure of the formal just as the casual division of the nation. This decrease in business will happen through moving of â€Å"low-wage assembling to nations, for example, Vietnam and Sri Lanka†. This will make the residential pace of development of pay decrease and consequently the degree of household fights and the level of political insecurity will be quicken ed in the nation. In any case, as the nation is eager to keep up its 8% yearly pace of financial development, with low paces of yearly swelling of about 3%, the national promulgation of the country’s socialist gathering is to adhere to its present swapping scale assurance process. Consequently, the remote nations and business associations are anticipating a much refreshing estimation of Yuan later on; in any case, the future desires for the financial and exchange related consequences for the Chinese and the worldwide economy are required to be assessed before continuing with the revaluation approach (Lamont). The essayist has wrongly uncovered the perspective of the socialist legislature of the nation in regards to the lessening in the measure of work in the conventional area of the nation. The debasement of the Chinese money as far as different monetary forms will decrease the degree of work in the conventional division of the nation and will expand the degree of joblessness in the nation as huge segment of the country’s mechanical area is reliant upon the indigenous advances. On the off chance that the nation is made open with critical decrease in the estimation of the Yuan, at that point all things considered, the business heads of the worldwide endeavors will begin putting resources into the mechanical segment of the nation. This will instigate critical degree of outside advances the nation over that will build the degree of joblessness comprising of those workers who can't work with those remote innovations. Nonetheless, the thought that the debasement will decrease the degree of business and will hurt the development procedure of the nation isn't completely obvious. This is because of the way that cash cheapening will build the degree of country’s fares of various merchandise and enterprises. This will likewise incite the indigenous items and administrations to arrive at the worldwide market and subsequently the degree of creation of these merchandise and ventures will ascend. This will basically expand the degree of pay in these indigenous enterprises and hence the degree of interests in mechanical advancement will be raised. Consequently, not just the future degree of pay will ascend, this will prompt more noteworthy degree of improvement of different indigenous advancements (with the assistance of critical incorporation of indigenous advances with worldwide innovations). Consequently, the degree of future development pace of pay will likewise ascend in the nation and this will be reasonable too. More noteworthy measures of fares will likewise help the casual

When Your Loved One Wont Get Help for BPD

When Your Loved One Won't Get Help for BPD BPD Living With BPD Print What to Do When Your Loved One Wont Get Help for BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 11, 2020 Rawpixel/ Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions It is quite common for people with mental health problems to be resistant to the idea of seeking out treatment. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is very treatable, yet many people with BPD deny that they have a problem or avoid getting help.   Why Wont My Loved One Seek Help When Theyre Clearly Suffering From BPD? There are so many reasons that people refuse to get help. Many are afraid of the stigma attached to mental health issues. Others feel they cannot commit the time and/or financial resources required to engage in therapy. Some may not be willing to admit that they have a problem in the first place, or may not think that treatment will work for them (despite clear research evidence to the contrary; we now have a number of effective treatments for BPD and a host of other mental health conditions). Whatever the reasons may be, being the loved one of someone who is engaging in self-destructive behavior, hurting and manipulating others with their outbursts and volatility, and  refusing to take steps toward change  can be a heart-wrenching, defeating, and painful experience. In this position, many loved ones feel the need to do something that will convince their loved one to get helpâ€"for the sake of that person and themselves.   The fact is, if your loved one is an adult, you have no control over what they do or dont do at the end of the day. This lack of control naturally leaves many loved ones feeling desperate and helplessâ€"but it doesnt have to.   Whether it’s your spouse, child, parent, sibling, or friend who is exhibiting symptoms of BPD, there are steps you can take to set boundaries in your relationship and improve your own quality of life, even if the person with BPD isn’t ready to acknowledge the problem. All the while, you can continue to encourage your loved one to seek professional help.   How to Support Your Loved Ones Recovery While Protecting Yourself There are several things you can do to support your loved ones recovery, and many of them include setting your own boundaries and not enabling your loved ones abusive behavior. Here are some tips:   Make clear the kinds of behavior you will not tolerate, focusing on yourself. You might say, If you cant speak calmly/stop being verbally abusive right now, Im going to remove myself from the conversation.  Bring the entire family into the discussion about setting boundaries with your loved one. If the person with BPD is raging or emotionally volatile with any of you, agree on the steps you will all that situation, such as walking out of the room.  If you believe your loved one is engaging in self-destructive behavior or is in danger of suicide, dont leave them aloneâ€"and call either your loved ones therapist,  911, or the  National Suicide Prevention Lifeline  at 1-800-273-TALK.Do not tolerate verbal abuse or physical violence. If your loved one tries to harm you, call the police.Join  support groups and seek out resources for loved ones of people with BPD. Getting involved in these groups and educating yourself about the disorder can help you better understand BPD and make choices about how you want to live your life in relation to your BPD loved one. Your energy is probably better spent on these activities, which are in your control, than on changing your loved ones behavior, which is not in your control.Remember that, though you love your family member very much, your own safety and self-care should always be your priority. If your loved one continues to cross boundaries or make you feel unsafe, you may need to find an alternate living arrangement or, if you dont live together, simply keep your distance from this person.  Allowing their abuse to continue does much more harm than goodâ€"and not only for you  but also for them.

The Scarlet Letter - Thesis on the theme of Sin and Guilt.

One main theme present in the work The Scarlet Lette is that of sin and guilt. Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to show how guilt can be a form of everlasting punishment. The book represents sin and guilt through symbolism and character development. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne explains how the punishment of guilt causes the most suffering among those affected. As with any piece, symbolism plays an important role in representing the main ideas of a novel. The plot in The Scarlet Letter revolves around three significant events that describe the development of the story. As both starting point and ending point of the novel, the scaffold scenes hold symbolic meaning. The first scaffold scene introduces the reader†¦show more content†¦As the book opens, Hester is brought forth from the jail and walked to the scaffold. For the first time being seen in public named an adulterer, Hester shies from the public as they mock her. However, She never battled with the public, but submitted uncomplainingly to its worst usage; she made no claim upon it, in requital for what she suffered; she did not weight upon its sympathies. (Hawthorne 140). Soon, it did not matter what other people thought of Hester because of her sin. She chose not to live with the humiliation, but she did have to live with herself. Having to deal with her daughter Pearl day in and day out is a punishment in itself as well. Most people, including Hester, view Peal as a demon child. However, Hester hesitates to punish Pearl for being so. She feels guilty as it is, placing a burden on Pearls life, for Peal is branded as the child of an adulterer, all of this resulting from Hesters passionate sin. (Guilt as Reparation for Sin, paragraph 14). The minister Dimmesdale is greatly affected by the weight of guilt he carries with him everyday of his proceeding life. Since his sin is unknown to society, there is not a public crowd to look down upon him, but one Roger Chillingworth who lives just to torture Dimmesdale. He wishes and prays most often that the public know of his wrong, rather than hold it secret, as it would be less painful. Happy are you,Show MoreRelatedScarlet Letter : A Dark Gloom Hung1105 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Mallinos Mrs. Costigan AP English III 16 February 2015 The Scarlet Letter A dark gloom hung over Nathaniel Hawthorne’s head for most of his life causing his writings to be intoxicated with his everlasting thrust for darkness. In The Scarlet Letter he plants his trade mark of sin, redemption, and guilt into history’s abiding collection of remarkable writings. Throughout this piece, it is easy to notice the hardship Hester must endure every day while living with the reputation of committingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : The Puritan Time Period1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter The Puritan time period is considered one of the holiest time periods of all time since they live a godly life. Nathaniel Hawthorne proves this statement wrong by telling the story of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. â€Å"She never battled with the public, but submitted, uncomplainingly, to its worst usage; she made no claim upon it, in requital for what she suffered; she did not weigh upon its sympathies.† (123) (This quote has no bearing on the openingRead MoreEssay The Power of Secret Sin in The Scarlet Letter1509 Words   |  7 PagesPower of Secret Sin in The Scarlet Letter    One of the main themes in The Scarlet Letter is that of the secret.   The plot of the book is centered on Hester Prynne’s secret sin of adultery.   Nathaniel Hawthorne draws striking parallelism between secrets held and the physical and mental states of those who hold them.   The Scarlet Letter demonstrates that a secret or feeling kept within slowly engulfs and destroys the soul such as Dimmesdale’s sin of hypocrisy and Chillingworth’s sin of vengeanceRead More A Comparison of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables3606 Words   |  15 PagesA Comparison of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables    Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of Americas most renowned authors, demonstrates his extraordinary talents in two of his most famed novels, The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. To compare these two books seems bizarre, as their plots are distinctly different. Though the books are quite seemingly different, the central themes and Hawthornes style are closely related (Carey, p. 62). American novelist NathanielRead More Transformation of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter:   The Transformation of Rev. Dimmesdale Life is hard, but accepting that fact makes it easier. This common phrase clearly states a harsh fact that Rev. Dimmesdale, a character in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, had to face. In this story of deception and adultery set in the Puritan era, Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as a weak and cowardly man who refuses to take responsibility for his actions.   The Rev. Dimmesdale is a transitional character in that he is, atRead MoreDark Romanticism By Edgar Allen Poe1625 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as dark romanticism. This kind of literature comes from the darkness inside of a person. Many people who like this style are know to be obsessed with gothic nature. Dark Romanticism is also know to come from darkness in the human soul, original sin, and a dark outlook on society. Dark Romanticism is the complete opposite of romanticism. According to what is dark romanticism â€Å" Dark Romanticism is. A sort of genre threat combines traditional love objects, like visually heart shapes, cute CostumesRead MoreThe Ministers Black Veil By Nathaniel Hawthorne1846 Words   |  8 Pagesthen is buried in it. Before he dies the only person who is not afraid to question Mr. Hooper about the veil is his fiancà ©. He does not give Elizabeth a clear answer to wearing the veil, which forces Elizabeth to believe he’s covering up a committed sin by wearing the veil. Throughout Hawthorne’s work there were different actions that his characters portray. These characters are identified as puritans who fought inner demons between lies and their sanity. In other opinions one may refute that Hawthorne’sRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pagesdrama. Both had extramarital affairs that were reflected in some of their writings. Each wrote both tragedies and comedies, and in each case their final work was a comedy, Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Faulkner’s The Reivers. A number of dominant themes and emphases are common to both writers, including the imaginative use of historical materials, the incorporation of both tragic and comic views of life, and the paradoxical tension between fate (in Faulkner’s case, determinism) and free will. MoreoverRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesprovide essential clues that aid in characterization. Some characters are given names that suggest their dominant or controlling traits, as, for example, Edward Murdstone (in Dickens’ David Copperfield) and Roger Chillingsworth (in Hawthorneâ₠¬â„¢s The Scarlet Letter). Both men are cold-hearted villains their names suggest. Other characters are given names that reinforce (or sometimes are in contrast to) their physical appearance, much in the way that Ichabod Crane, the gangling schoolmaster in Irving’s The

Merchant of Venice Rhetorical Analysis - 1055 Words

Religious discrimination has been present for centuries. It was present at the time of Shakespeare, just as it is present today, centuries later. In Shakespeares time, Jews were a typical target of discrimination by Christians. As a result of constant Christian torment and humiliation, many Jews spurned the Christians. If given the opportunity, many Jews would retaliate against Christians with the same treatment Christians submitted them to. In William Shakespeares play, The Merchant of Venice, this opportunity arises for one particular Jew, Shylock. Shylock stirs up a range of emotions in the audience, when giving a speech to support his claim that he is entitled to regard the Christians with the same ill-treatment they have shown†¦show more content†¦Revenge! If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. (I.i:65-72) Once Shylock concludes his speech with theses lines, the audience has come to understand Shylocks motivation of revenge for wanting his bond, but in the process Shylock reveals flaws in people of the Christian faith. This revelation of Shylocks motivation most likely would have turned the Christians feelings of compassion into feelings of contempt. Although his audience may not empathize with him any longer, Shylock was wise and included rhetorical questions throughout his speech, which made his listeners reflect on the comparisons he was making between the Christians and the Jews. By using asyndeton to avoid conjunctions in each of his rhetorical questions, Shylock was able to make his questions more forceful and dramatic. However, Shylocks speech is not as effective when delivered to a Christian audience as it would have been had his audience been Jewish. Shylock claims that since the Christians had treated Jews so appallingly, Jews are justified to follow Christian example and return that sam e treatment to the Christians. Although the Christians now recognize why Shylock wants revenge, they will most likely never approve of his reasoning. At the start of his speech, Shylock had addressed his audience effectivelyShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesand Breakpoints, 1970-1975, â€Å"The Poitier persona was obviously unable and incapable of addressing the growing desires and expectations for a liberated and empowered Black male able to reflect, articulate and represent the changing times.† In this analysis of Sydney Portier, it is expressed that black audiences were disappointed in him because he appeared to assimilate into white society and did not satisfy the liberated and empowered black males. Even after the civil right movement, which was a movementRead MoreAp European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example5639 Words   |  23 Pagescentralization, an urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism, and growing lay control of secular thought and culture * The Italian City State * Growth of City-States * When commerce revived in the eleventh century, Italian merchants mastered the organizational skills needed for trade: book-keeping, scouting new markets, securing new markets, and banking * During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, trade-rich cities became powerful city-states, dominating the politicalRead More Francis Petrarch: Leader of the Humanistic Movement and Father of the Renaissance2215 Words   |  9 Pagesthe dawn of a new Roman Empire way of thinking.. Humanism is the intellectual, literary and scientific movement of the 14th to the 16th centuries without which the Renaissance would never have evolved. Humanism is a rediscovery and reevaluation (analysis) of classical civilization and the application of the aspects of this civilization to intellectual and social culture in the current time. It is a blend of concern for the history and actions of human beings, mainly the ancient Greeks and Romans

Todays Leadership Trends Free Essays

The leadership trends in today’s contemporary society is changing from the once egocentric, standoffish and unapproachable of leaders to a present humble, servant style leadership. Today’s leaders have got the adaptive capacity, which means they have the ability of find meaning by processing new and emerging experiences. This is considered a good thing because a capable leader should be one who responds to current critical issues through the use of his or her ability and past experiences to address the emerging. We will write a custom essay sample on Todays Leadership Trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now When we think of the attributes that bring out a good leader we often contemplate of the ever-changing global affairs in our society, which call each of us to follow or rather act, an optimistic leader is thereby suited. Also, this calls for dynamic people who are concerned about the well-being of their citizen and how they are impacted by these vigorous issues in their country. A good leader is, therefore, one who stands alone and no matter how much critics or oppositions threw to him or her, the matter of his followers always comes first. Characteristic good leadership is seen through the day to day actions of our leader’s life experience (Sosik et al 1-17). Matters of national concern are becoming increasingly important and the major decision taken have to be strategically assessed and evaluated. This is crucial before final judgments are made in order for leaders to ensure that people who are their nation’s citizens are not negatively impacted in the long run. The issues about Trade Unions, Tariffs, and customs are such matters that need careful critical thinking and because they have a heavy impact in a country. Indeed having visionary leaders who stand strong on their decisions for the interest of their nation is key. Taking on a prime example of Ms. Theresa May, the current Prime Minister of Britain. May is an epitome of leaders who have stood strong on the decision of national importance and integrity for as long as she is aware of what good it comes with and that the interest of her citizens of the UK is always the priority and is at heart. She has the values that any right-minded person is inspired and swayed to follow. Thinking deeply, it would be hard to in today’s society to find a leader with such vision and philosophy as that of Ms. May. Often, such leaders like her are reserved, quiet and embodying on important matters of concern and giving deaf ears to people of vested interests. Her leadership is evident from the decisions she makes and one such is the refusing to drop the custom plans for the post-Brexit-UK and European Union’s Custom Arrangements which raised the eyebrows of many who unfortunately had it rough because it really downed to them as a surprise since they were of the contrary opinion. Some of these opponents included some backbench members of her party. Agreeing to such an arrangement would mean that countries such as the Ireland and Netherland break their border. It would compromise the separation of the European Union and even much worse implications may result. When a leader stands up for his or her citizens, a responsibility is what comes in. He or she needs to confirm that he or she is on the same side as them and this sometimes calls for sacrifice and determination not forgetting dedication as well. In our case, might be agreeing to drop the custom plans would mean that May’s interest is taken care of but due to her honesty and integrity that would go against her principles and that is how leaders all over the world should be. Visionary and optimistic leaders are always shaped by experience in era and epiphany influence which is why they become adaptive to the dynamic ages. In encountering the deepest leadership demand Theresa May, has emerged a winner in the Brexit aftermath through her efforts in the renewal of the relationship of the UK and Europe as well as, with the rest of the world. Theresa May has shown commendable willingness and vision to take Britain to where it ought to be through providing the reassurance and the right direction in a time when there are much confusion and upheavals. She stands firm on her decision for the sake of her country which consequently makes her the right leader of Britain in guiding her Democratic will in times of the complexity of separation from the EU. Leaders of such a caliber do succeed in their endeavors (Dishman). May learns through listening and talks warmly and without any ego of her concerns for the disadvantaged and the disfranchised even in such a highly charges situation and stands firm on the well-being of this group which she is aware is the people who made her who she really is now. She has recently advocated for Health Service Programs that targets every citizen in her country. This ensures that the country moves forward as one. There exist so many other exemplary and influential leaders in the world who have shown leadership qualities that worth admiration. Xi Jinping has been the president for China for a very long time. This is attributed to the position he has put China to becoming the world’s number two largest economy and this takes a great leader of integrity and determination in order to move such a great economic country to its feet. He has made several bilateral relationships with countries like New Zealand, US and many others that facilitate free trade and on direct trading of currencies. This he believes are the pillar that makes a country stands in her feet and it takes great leaders to do this. Recently he committed to joining the US in the climate change programme that many had thought as a mere dream that his predecessors dismissed and thought it as a burden that belonged to other nations. Being a great leader, Xi Jinping was determined to make China even go further and made such dreams come through in the long run. Angela Merkel, Mu Sochua, Aung Saan Suu Kyi among few others are both women who have had the great impact in the society today by fighting for the right of their people including women and children. Angela Merkel serves as a German Chancellor and religious leader who happen to be the first woman to hold such position. She is known to have approved the gender quota bill in 2015, which required that women holding non-executive position form at least 30 percent at large companies. To conclude, when such great leaders like Theresa May and few others become the people to stand out for their countries, then we get to see prosperity in the society. It takes integrity and strong philosophy to stand out in issues concerning major decisions that are part of a great nation like the UK and any other in the world. For such issue likes relations, trade and other matters that shape a country’s development and growth, it is important to give a back or eliminate people would otherwise are concerned with their wellness and not that of their country as well as, or other citizens. These are people who bring down the efforts of the determined people and consequently lead to failures rather than success (Assange). Ms. May knew she was going to win no matter how other members of her party tried to bring her down. This is a good reason to have people like her as leaders of our countries. How to cite Todays Leadership Trends, Papers

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Essay Example

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Paper In order to critically examine this particular principle and its influence, it is necessary to look at the background of the principle so that it can be studied in context. John Stuart Mill developed the liberty principle in his work On Liberty (1). Mills definition of liberty is pursuing our own good in our own way and he believed it to be one of the most important elements of well-being. Mills conviction was that it was better that a man choose to live his life the wrong way than be made to live the right way. Mill was influenced by Alexis de Tocqueville, whose work, Democracy in America (2) opened Mills eyes to how democracy exposed liberty to new dangers. The driving force of democracy is the will of the majority and Mill was concerned that this left every aspect of life exposed to social scrutiny and regulation, and he feared the tyranny of the majority (3). He felt that democracy, if left unrestrained, could pose a threat to the minority and individual autonomy. The two great values of democracy; majority rule and minority liberty are often incompatible and Mill was one of the first to investigate this unresolved area in his essay On Liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on John Stuart Mills liberty principle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Stuart Mills liberty principle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Stuart Mills liberty principle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On Liberty concerned the nature and limits of power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual (4), he sought to distinguish the destructive oppression of minority views from the legitimate exercise of democratic power. Mills motivation was to seek an additional principle that would not leave matters to custom or popular morality. A principle that could define the areas in which it would be legitimate for society (or the will of the majority) to exercise authority, from those areas where people should have freedom (5). Mill hoped that On Liberty would offer potential guidelines for legislation and encourage a more tolerant culture. There are two main principles in the essay, the first being the liberty principle (or harm principle) outlined in the question. The principle advocates that the interference of liberty is only warranted where it is necessary in order to prevent harm to others. Mill qualifies the principle by saying it is only applicable to human beings in the maturity of their faculties, therefore excluding children or those who require care from others (6), and mentions that omissions to act having consequential harm may also be an exception. In On Liberty Mill raised his own concerns about the principles adequacy before offering his second principle. The reason for questioning his own ideal is to open the area up for discussion, to attain the readers understanding of the problem and engage her critical attention. He is not seeking to assert the infallible truth of this doctrine. The liberty principle is blunt in delivering its message but Mill feels the two objections he raised attacking its plausibility will not affect the second principle. His first objection was how can any action be purely self-regarding? Mill recognises the assumption that most, if not all of our actions will affect the interests of another. Mill accepted there is a right of society to ward off crimes by antecedent precautions, which runs contrary to liberty principle. He gave the example of drunkenness being justifiably prohibited where the person has a history of harming others when drunk (7), believing that the danger of harm would outweigh the individuals right to drink alcohol. The second objection to his principle was that society may have an obligation to intervene to prevent a person from self harm. Mill believed that government interference with the individual for paternalist reasons was indefensible, believing it can never be in the interests of the individual to suppress the exercise and development of her own abilities of critical choice, but realised that others may raise this objection. Mills second principle states that a person need only be subject to the will of the majority to prevent the violation of a distinct and assignable obligation to any other person or persons. A distinct and assignable obligation is a distinct expectation which another is obligated to honour. Not actions are caught under obligation and not all obligations are distinct and assignable, the types of harm Mill suggested warrant protection are those that violate our rights. Mills second principle is essentially a qualification of the first principle and a criterion to define actions that should be regulated and those which should not. What were Mills influences and how did his ideas develop? John Stuart Mill was the son of James Mill who was a disciple of John Bentham (8) and a believer of the mind being a tabula rasa (9) on which every experience is recorded. James Mill began his sons education at home with this new psychology in mind, and the experimental education consequentially led to his sons breakdown at the age of 21. During this period Mill developed his own take on the positivist (10) utilitarianism that had been drummed into him during his education. The principle of utility was a driving force behind Mills education. The utility principle is to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Benthams chief interest was of its application to law reform and the prison service, James Mill applied it to politics and John Stuart Mill then actively reconstructed the principle to argue that the government should actively promote the general good. Mill derived the liberty principle from utilitarianism, and propounded the importance of the individuals self-determination and personal development. Bentham formulated the principle of utility in Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (11). Despite viewing law and morality as separate issues he postulated that actions are to be judged morally right or wrong in accordance with whether they maximise pleasure or minimise the pain caused to those affected. Its performance must be more productive of pleasure or happiness, or more preventive of pain or unhappiness, than any possible alternative (12). Mill was an ardent supporter of Benthams utility principle but differed in that his approach was qualitative and not quantitative, because he was more concerned with the value of an outcome rather than the size of its effect. Mill did not think all pleasures were of equal value. Mills suspicion of collective mediocrity led him to suggest safeguards to ensure that the government and legislature did not become the organ of the tendencies and instincts of the masses. He advocated an enlightened and educated populace and plural voting for the educated (13). One of Mills significant influences was his partner and wife Harriet Taylor his partnership with her prompted him to advocate equal rights between men and women. (14). On Liberty had an affect in the debate that occurred between Patrick Devlin and HLA Hart. Professor HLA Hart supported Mills Liberty principle and used Mills thought in his argument with Lord Patrick Devlin. The debate began with the Wolfendon Report 1957 on homosexual offences prostitution. The report reverberates Mill where it says there must be a realm of private morality and immorality which is, in brief and crude terms, not the laws business (15) but also that the function of criminal law is to preserve public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious (16). Devlin rejected this idea and in The Enforcement of Morality (17) argued that an established morality is as necessary as good government to the welfare of society. He said that society should be allowed to prohibit anything which the right-minded or reasonable man regards as grossly immoral and that it was not necessary to prove something caused harm in order to do this. (18). He argued that society will disintegrate from within where there is no common morality, even more than it would crumble from external pressures, therefore society would be justified in taking steps to preserve the common morality in the same way as it does to protect its government. He asserted that legal enforcement of morals need only be used in certain cases since a citizen cannot surrender his whole life to societys scrutiny (19). Harts counter argument was in Law, Liberty Morality (20) where he stated that there was no evidenced to show that deviation from accepted sexual morality. is something which, like treason threatens the existence of society. Hart denied that the weakening of common morality will lead to societys downfall but does suggest that society may need certain basic rules to survive (21). He urged Devlin to consider the dangers of populism, and that the risk in democracy that the majority dictate how we live, should not be maximised. Hart postulated that restraint of immorality was not best achieved by a fear of legal sanction and warned that the enforcement of a moral code contradicts the spirit of moral value. Mills liberty principle has been followed in many subsequent works including that of Immanuel Kant (22) who arrives at a similar conclusion, and Jeffrie G Murphy in Another look at Legal Moralism (23) who argues that areas of private immorality (by consenting adults) should not be criminalised because there are no victims. James Fitzjames Stephen (24) criticised the liberty principle in the two areas Mill criticised the principle himself. Fitzjames Stephen believed that there are no self-regarding actions; every persons action affects another. He also argued the paternalist point, that society has right to interfere to protect the individual. I dont believe Mill intended the principle to be viewed as an infallible model and indeed took stock of these criticisms himself when writing On Liberty. Fitzjames Stephen also thought that the majority of men were weak and ill educated therefore sanctions were necessary in order to uphold morality. He berated the liberty principle as too crude in not taking into account the complexities of human relationships. It has been said that Mill has been misinterpreted and the ambiguity of some of the words used in On Liberty exasperate the problem. Mill did not define the word harm which could have the effect of two extremely different interpretations. What is to count as harming others? John Gray believes that harm is meant to mean injury to interests, and feels that the vital human interests that Mill had in mind were security and autonomy. The word interests is also undefined, where Mill says the individual is to be accountable only for those actions which are prejudicial in the interests of others, the exact scope of this statement has been the subject of much debate. John Reess interpretation of the liberty principle was that the interests of others must be affected injuriously in order for society to intervene. The liberty principle is often viewed as being vague and undefined (25). Critics have accused Mill of having an anti-democratic fear of popular government, in particular the potential for working-class opinion to be oppressive and perhaps violent, but it appears Mill was more concerned with middle-class conformity. The fear took root after reading Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America (2) America was a middle-class society, and Mill feared that it was also a society that did not care for individual liberty. Some critics like Isaiah Berlin (26) and Gertrude Himmelfarb have stated that due to Mills strict and unorthodox upbringing, and the imposition of classical utilitarianism upon him, he was unable to unshackle these chains of influence, which meant he remained inconsistent and with no coherent doctrine amongst his works. Himmelfarbs view was that there is no logical connection between the philosophy of utilitarianism and the liberty principle because the principle of utility justifies the sacrifice of an individuals liberty in order to maximise potential happiness for the greater good of society. Berlin put forward the same criticism of Mills mind being divided as individual liberty has only instrumental value in utility and cannot have priority over general welfare whereas in On Liberty, Mill states that individual freedom has intrinsic value regardless of its contribution to the general welfare. However Mill never felt torn between the competing principles in his own mind, but there are many examples of where the two may collide. An example being the prevention of heroin addiction; utilitarianism appears to encourage this kind of interference that the principle of liberty seeks to extinguish. Others have also felt that the two ideas do not equate with each other (27). Today with the development of modern technology and forensic science we are subject to all kinds of interference with our freedom in terms of the confidential information stored and analysed without the individuals consent. New types of surveillance and control are made possible by combining databases and by new technological advances. This information creates ever new sources of power and ever new possibilities of control in the post modern age (28). Balkin questions if this is a new form of totalitarianism, a prison constructed from access to information. Mill believed individualism should be regarded as having intrinsic worth, and is essential to happiness, and our right to privacy is part of our individualism and autonomy. Now our computer usage can be monitored, mobile phone records tapped into, our DNA can be taken and analysed without our consent (29), CCTV cameras monitor us (30), intimate details of multiple aspects of our lives are all stored and used to some degree and currently a database is being set up to store details of children and their families (31). The introduction of ID cards (32) will mean further intrusion and its functions will no doubt multiply ultimately changing the relationship between the individual and the state. Mill believed it was imperative that human beings should be free to form opinions and to express their opinions without reserve, but laws surrounding our right to protest have impinged on our freedom of speech and right to protest (33). The Terrorism Act in its ambiguity poses possibilities for abuse and can be used to quash ordinary political activity (34). The introduction of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order has led to much concern about its abuse by the state and its impingement on our liberties (35). ASBOs can be used as a tool for the government to appear as though they are being tough on crime whereas what they are actually doing is diminishing our rights and freedoms. The strange thing is that the majority of people seem unconcerned about this intrusion and have accepted it as part of the life we now live. People look at it as necessary for the prevention of crime; to prevent terrorism (the Terrorism Act), to prevent fraud (ID cards), to prevent anti-social behaviour (Asbos), and to prevent offence (Public Protest). Mill saw autonomy as a vital human interest, an essential part of the permanent interests of man as a progressive being. The Enlightenment sought to eradicate unthinking tradition and religious bigotry (28) and to understand and analyse society in terms of science and reason, and now because of technological advancements, we have arrived at a whole new set of restraints on our freedom.