Marketing Goals foe Paintball Company Essay

Marketing Goals The primary goal of this marketing strategy is to guarantee that Paintball Company will be recognized in the industry as a business entity that gives excellent paintball services for its target market. Aside from this, Paintball Company has the mission to determine the most effective strategy to be utilized in order to transform the Paintball industry into becoming more recognized by the public consumers. Paintball Company has four primary marketing goals:A)Manage its position as one of the primary businesses regarding Paintball. Being the leader of the Paintball industry will propel this Paintball Company to earn the respect and trust of its customers. Therefore, the organization will have the power to widen its functions through the acquisition of other Paintball organizations. B)Become more financially stable than other Paintball organizations. The raw technologies that are being used in the production of Paintball equipments have to be able to attain excellent standards. If this is achieved, the organization will have the capability to become more financially stable as against other rival Paintball organizations. C)Establish an excellent Paintball technology profile, with Paintball Company as the global label of flagship; andD)Establishing its freedom. Being a free organization will enable Paintball Company to go on with its reputation of excellence in both its Paintball technologies and products by establishing fresh innovations and measures. Geographic MixThe Paintball industry can be found at one of the biggest suburban areas and the most densely populated areas. Therefore, this implies that with regards to the territorial elements, the Paintball Company has been able to properly select an environment or site that may give tremendous potential for the Paintball industry to be come famous. Marketing Strategies – OverviewThe marketing idea has been identified as ‘the element to attaining company objectives’ and the marketing idea depends on ‘market emphasis, client likes and dislikes, excellent marketing and  stability. In a financially stable organization the company definitely has to make efforts and attain this level of client satisfaction as a means of being on top of the rivalry and earning so much. In attaining so, an organization must be able to determine an excellent and sustainable marketing plan for their goods and services (Godin, 1999). In the situation of the Paintball Company, the marketing plan that can be utilized by the organization to propel itself in the industry will involve the utilization of advertisements. To be able to inform the target of the organization regarding the presence of the Paintball industry, the organization will utilize media advertising, online and other media and news advertisements. These marketing procedures will be supportive to propel the Paintball Company at the top of the industry. Marketing Strategies – PriorityThe primary emphasis of the marketing plan is to enable the Paintball Company to be recognized in the market. In order to attain this, the utilization of an excellent marketing plan through an effective marketing interaction plan will be but into emphasis. In addition, interaction is an essential element of companies. Through excellent communication, the marketing company is able to transfer knowledge and learn from each other’s capabilities and knowledge. In this specific plan, the essential aspect that must be given priority is the advertisement and interactive campaign of the Paintball Company. Normally, advertisement or interactive campaigns are well known as an open sponsorship of given goods, products and any concepts through the utilization of any channels of interaction. In this respect, there are various types of channels that can be utilized for advertisements and interactive campaign objectives. Generally, in this IMC perspective, the emphasis will be put on advertisement and Paintball promotion. Marketing Plan – By SegmentAn excellent marketing interaction plan reflects a continuous process and style to all activities a specific organization perform. Marketing plans have arrived to signify the new emphasis of marketing field in incorporating the interactive elements to connect to all  of the company’s clients and not just its basic consumers (Levinson, 1998). Aside from this marketing plans proceed with the objective of determining and improving the mutual connection of the organization to its clients by giving means to establish relationship with clients through advertisements. The target market of the Paintball Company involves international clients and local clients as well. In this way, in order to guarantee that the target market will be able to know the presence of the Paintball Company, the marketing plan will be utilized in putting priority to each of the target market in both local and global scenes. Quarterly Action Plan – SalesIn this plan, the Paintball Company will be implementing the marketing procedure in attaining interactions and promotion of the organization and the products that it gives. This plan will be implemented quarterly. In performing this, the following interactive media will be used:†¢TV, print, and communication mediaSome of the marketing channels that are normally utilized by various industries in order to make their goods and services well known are the TV, print, and communication media. In connection with the Paintball Company, it may utilize these media channels in order to be recognized by various clients anytime and in any place. AdvertisingA very famous process of promotion is through advertisements. Advertisements can be very expensive but like all marketing plans, it is not to be classified as a cost but an asset. The expenses for excellent advertisements may be significantly high but the good outcomes will all be worth it (Silk, 2006). Advertisement is the right approach for the Paintball Company for the similar reason of improving awareness and making an impact towards client perceptions. Also, advertisement through media can be felt by larger groups of people all over the world, therefore the information will be transferred to a larger part of the target market. Quarterly Action Plan – Public RelationsPublic relations and publicity are different plans established to inform or secure an organization’s reputation or its goods and services. The benefit of this mechanism is that it may  improve the organization’s reputation and it may allow the organization to be recognized due to the excellent image than its rivals. In this way, the Paintball Company may do a publicly connected endeavor every quarter to guarantee that the organization follows its social roles in the site. One of the excellent means to implement this is through sponsorship. The Paintball Company may sponsor a well-known organization every quarter. Contingency PlansPromotion budget is the large cost for the Paintball Company. The proper means of using promotion budget must be carefully analyzed. The study of promoting endeavors has to be done due to the feedback that can inform the organization as to what promotional tools are the correct ones to use. These assessment outcomes can secure the Paintball Company from wasting its financial resources for the incorrect promotional tools and procedures. Monitoring or assessment involves the application of tools to evaluate promotional appropriateness. The plan can be assessed with regards to the development in sales that is attained at a quarterly and yearly basis. This would immediately connect to the goal of establishing demand and improving sales. Nevertheless, it is essential to put into emphasis that it can be hard to manage for other elements that are likely to bear effects in the market industry, which include the choices of rival companies to improve prices, a change in client likes, or a shift in the entire demand. Luckily, other tools can be utilized to evaluate promotional appropriateness, which connects upon the variance of the marketing goals that have been mentioned earlier. For instance, surveys can be done, which ask regarding the Paintball game, identify any development in behaviours regarding the Paintball game, and identify whether or not there has been a development in client information or awareness of the Paintball game. Paintball Company SWOT AnalysisStrengths:†¢has Paintball technologies that have a reputation for gaining a very strong retail. This involves an emphasis for the value of quality, comfort and various range of games and updated technologies†¢has expanded tremendously over the past years, and has been in the procedure of growth all over the world. †¢Primary capability relies on the use of information technology (IT) to significantly aid its world Paintball sales system. In short, the Paintball Company can monitor their individual Paintball goods and their status within the site, or even at other locations. IT also aids the Paintball Company’s excellent procurement. †¢is able to provide excellent client satisfaction, as the few levels of work would imply lots of time to dedicate to their clients. †¢Its personnel have formulated a powerful legacy within the market. †¢Has the capability to shift direction immediately if its management realizes that their marketing plan is not working properly. †¢has no debts and financial losses. In short the organization can provide excellent Paintball technologies to clients on a continuous basis. Weaknesses:†¢is one of the biggest organizations in the Paintball industry but has a meager control of its organization, in spite of its advantages in updated Paintball technologies. This could result to a decline in profitability in some locations where they have lesser managerial powers. †¢Since the Paintball Company sells its Paintball technologies over different markets, the organization does not possess the versatility that some of its recognized rival companies have. †¢Functions al over the world, but its existence can be found in only selected areas all over the world†¢Some of the organization’s less famous locations do not possess market legacy or reputation†¢Some of the organization’s employees do not possess the important Paintball knowledge base in many aspects. †¢The Paintball company is still severely hampered to the temporary absences of its employees. †¢The organization’s budget is unstable particularly in the early aspects of a new Paintball product innovation. Opportunities:†¢Taking over, acquisitions, or establishing mergers with other Paintball organizations while prioritizing on powerful markets like North America or Europe. †¢The establishment of new locations and branches provide the Paintball Company the chances to explore market improvements. This could result to the diversification of the company’s branches. †¢Chances are present for the Paintball Company to go on with its existing tactic of founding huge extensions all over the globe. †¢The Paintball Company is continuously growing, with lots of future developments to explore for success. †¢The local personnel of the Paintball Company are in the process of persuading local Paintball business entities to join them if possible. †¢The rivals of Paintball Company may be unable to cope up with the new Paintball innovations particularly the ones that the organization establishes. Threats:†¢Being a top Paintball organization means that the Paintball Company is the one to beat in both local and global markets. †¢Being recognized worldwide implies that Paintball Company might be immersed to political chaos in the nations where the company has operations. †¢The manufacturing expenses of most Paintball products have the chance to decline because of the limited manufacturing costs. Production expenses go down due to the outsourcing to low-cost countries all over the world. This situation could result to fighting in prices, which in turn would lead in the fall of prices in different levels. Tremendous price rivalry must  absolutely be classified as a threat. †¢The current changes in Paintball technology which could probably alter the markets might test the organization’s capability to cope up to these developments†¢A slight change in the priority of a huge rival might destroy any market dominance that the Paintball Company has attained over its existence. This could lead the organization to specialize in quick response but excellent quality Paintball products to local companies. This would place intense pressure on the organization’s employees to be knowledgeable with the current developments in Paintball technology where possible. REFERENCES Godin, S, 1999. Permission Marketing: Turning Strangers Into Friends And Friends Into Customers. Simon & Schuster; 1st editionLevinson, J, 1998. Guerrilla Marketing: Secrets for Making Big Profits from Your Small Business. Houghton Mifflin; 3rd editionSilk, A, 2006. What Is Marketing? Harvard Business School Press

Images of Beauty Essay

Beauty is among all of us, both women and men yet women and men are looked upon differently, causing a negative impact on themselves and society, targeting the young generations that can be very harmful to them emotionally and psychically. In the images of beauty, when men and women are promoted in magazines, movies, billboards and many other different kinds of medians, we all see those images differently depending how we want ourselves to be as. The media played a powerful role in our society influencing and using the models attractiveness and body image to catch the people’s attention. In doing that, media had successfully bombarded the young children’s minds with images of skinny and muscular models that lead to negative consequences such as body dissatisfaction, emotional feelings and sexual relations. Body dissatisfaction is a huge issue among adolescent men and women that can cause severe health problems by starving themselves and allowing them to do things that will harm their body such as taking drugs or getting a plastic surgery. If someone has a poor body image, he or she would most likely try to do anything or any method to change the looks of its body, even if it means restricting food or taking potentially harmful substances. For a woman, they will think that their body is too heavy and as for men, their thoughts are divided into two parts: overweight and underweight. For example, what is actually considered an ideal body for a man is when they have a low body fat, lots of muscles, narrow waist, large shoulders, and body with a V-shaped torso. When another man sees this kind of image, they will say that this is the kind of body they want to have. This kind of negative influence can encourage, especially the young teenagers and adults to starve themselves, take diet pills and by doing that it can cause anorexia, a type of eating disorder or many other types of health problems. For example, when a children look at the models they might think that the only way to look like them is to go on a diet. Although I may have to agree that it is the easy way to become thin, but knowing that it can cause many harms to the body itself. Even though exercise is much harder and takes longer to practices, but it provides many varieties of benefits. Diet pills is also another fast and easy way to manage their weight; however, diet pills also contain diuretics or stimulants, which can cause sleeping problems, seizures, high blood pressure and more.In addition, when men and women are dissatisfied with their body and starts doing all sorts of stuff that causes health problems, they then starts to feel depressed and have low self-esteem. An unhealthy body may increase the changes in an individual’s behavior and attitude. This can also allow them to experience in the state of anger and anxiety due to the fact that they are not satisfied with size and shape of their body. Furthermore, the young teens regarding the entertainment media as the number one source of information about sexuality and sexual health, allowing easy access for children at a young age to be engage into sexual relations. Being open about sex and how they talk to their girlfriends or boyfriends, it is largely because of what they see, hear and learn.

Business Law1

Business Law1 Essay The full name of the first company I chose is Entrust Technologies Inc. The state and year of incorporation is Texas in 1996. The company was a spin-off of Nortel Networks. The worldwide headquarters for the corporation is 4975 Preston Park Blvd Suite 400 Plano, Texas 75093. The Chief Executive Officer and President of the company is John Ryan. The number of shareholders is in the 26, 000 range and the stock is traded on the NASDAQ. The ticker symbol for the corporation is ENTU. The CUSIP number is _________. The price range of Entrust Technologies from 1998 1999 was $24 upon opening on January 1, 1998 and its close was $60 on December 31, 1999 (See chart 1.1, attached to back of paper full year price range). The corporation has many subsidiaries that it recognizes: Entrust Technologies Limited, Entrust. net, Entrust Technologies (United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan), Entrust Technologies GmbH (Germany) and CygnaCom Solutions. Entrust Technologies Inc. provides products and services to ensure secure electronic communications and transactions over the Internet, Extranets and Intranets. (http://biz.yahoo.com/p/e/entu. html) The company is ahead of its game in the Internet business. A lawsuit was filed against the company in February of 1999 by Surety technologies, Inc. The lawsuit involved the supposed infringement of patent rights on the part of Entrust Technologies. Surety said they developed a digital timestamping method using hash and sign. They claim it was their method and only theirs. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia ruled for Entrust claiming that the patent covering the special hash -and- sign method used by Surety was not a new thing. Any company could use the technology to better their communication systems by timestamping electronic documents. The lawsuit and verdict proved to the rest of the world that Entrust Technologies is ready to advance all companies with special devices to make their business run a little bit smoother. The verdict was handed down in November 1999 and gave ENTU a very strong third quarter. Their revenue increased from $13.0 million to $22.6 million in one year. The lawsuit benefited, not hampered the business practices of Entrust Technologies. There are literally hundreds of competitors in the computer services business. AutoBytel Com Inc., Agency Com LTD, Publicard Inc, Zapme Inc., Knot Inc. and Paychex Inc. are just some of the companies that compete in the business with Entrust Technologies (See 1.2, attached file regarding the competitors). VectorVest rates the long-range outlook for the stock poorly in most areas. They rate stocks well that are steady and predictable. All the stocks are rated on a 0.00 2. 00 scale, a relative safety greater than 1.00 is safe and below 1.00 is not a safe buy. ENTU was given a relative safety of 0.71, very poor. The relative value is a 0. 82, also poor. When a stock has a relative safety and value greater than 1.00 the earning rate will increase and shares will increase in value. Entrust was given a relative timing rating of 1.04, which is fair in this field. The trend established is fair and might last depending on the stocks dependability. VectorVest also suggests that ENTU is overvalued and having a high-risk dividend because it does not pay a dividend. This also shows that ENTU has not dividend growth and that indicates future outlook and past history. In conclusion, Entrust Technologies has a below average safety with below average upside potential. This reflects the stocks potential and almost ensures below average, inconsistent returns. Reesegroup.com rates ENTU as having no interest at this time. Entrust Technologies Inc. was a good buy. I disagree with the critics on this one. When I bought the stock on January 20th it was at $56 and it rose up and down slowly to 92 .

Virtue and trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Virtue and trust - Essay Example Topic Sentences Entertainment media have in most cases brought out morality as an element that is dependent on social status. It has brought out the society as one full of favourism and one that is inclined towards benefiting only those living within the high social classes. However, it is quite incorrect to classify people as more or less moral based on their economic statuses. It places the society in an awkward position of everyone wanting to exist in the middle class and above zones so as to be acceptable in the society. It creates an imbalance thereby creating a general negative stereotype that places the working class in a situation forcing them to struggle to move to upper economic classes. As such, it is quite unfortunate that this stereotype has taken precedence in the entertainment media that is quite common with most of people in this world. There are substantial reasons supporting the fact that virtue is not much dependable on the economic class that one belongs in. Some of these reasons are discussed herein. Reason Movie producers have in their production processes lightened up the much needed light in the society with respect to how the world observes morality. Morality is a personality theme meaning that it cannot be a society attribute but more of a personal conviction. It is the path of right followed by individuals. It is defined by an existence and is independent of social status. As such, it cannot be acquired by use of money or wealth.

Evolution of the World Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evolution of the World Bank - Case Study Example The World Bank is a group of five closely associated international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and eliminating poverty. Its five agencies are: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Finance Corporation (IFC); International Development Association (IDA); Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The World Bank's activities are particularly focused on economically backward developing countries. These activities are in fields such as agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation, rural services), human development (e.g. education, health), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, electricity), governance (e.g. anti-corruption, legal institutions development) and environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations). Each of these organizati ons has their own aims and objectives. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries by promoting sustainable development through loans, guarantees, risk management products, and analytical and advisory services. The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well as grants to the poorest countries for developmental activities. Most of the times loans or grants for specific projects that may result in improvement of policy changes. For instance, loans to improve coastal environmental management that may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and to implementation of new regulations to limit pollution. The main activities of the IFC and MIGA include investment in the private sector and capitalizing insurance respectively (Wikipedia, 2007a). The IBRD was established in 1944 as the original institution of the World Bank Group. It is structured like a cooperative that is owned and operated for the benefit of its'185 member countries (web.worldbank.org, 2007). IBRD raises most of its funds on the world's financial markets. In 1946 the Bank had an authorized capital of $10 bi11ion, worth about 20 times as much today. However, all through its development it has been singularly garnered more controversy and criticism than any other international financial or development institution. In 1993 the Bank's total callable capital was almost $166 billion, though of that only $10.53 was paid in (Rich, 1994). The income that IBRD has been generated from the time of its inception has allowed it to fund development activities and to ensure its financial strength. As a result of this it is enabled to borrow at low cost and offer clients good borrowing terms (web.worldbank.org, 2007). From mid 1946 to mid 1986 the World Bank lent a total o f $160 billion for 4,000 different projects in around 100 countries, and has even more increased in the last few decades. By any reckoning the Bank's resources are huge (Hardy, N.D.). Till date IBRD has not suffered any losses

Discussion about hunger game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion about hunger game - Essay Example Children are being abused and lives taken just for entertainment purposes.This inhuman acts by the leaders of panama and the resident of Capital demonstrate disregard of human rights and social injustice of the highest order. The District residents are viewed as so much inferior human being to an extent that they don’t see anything wrong with making their children kill each other to entertain them. The government of Panem holds all the power over the districts and they rule with finality and totality. The districts resident has no say in matters concerning their governance and the government imposes on them whatever they want regardless of their feelings about it. The government keeps District resident on their knees by warning them of how miserable their lives will be if they rebel against it. The people are forced to live under hostile conditions like fighting among themselves, deny them freedom of movement and joining forces was criminalized among district residents. The book shows how different the lives of those who has power (Capitals) was to the inferior class (the district).When Katniss refuse to kill Peeta or join forces with Rue, she defies the rule of capital and this meant she was to be severely punished as she belonged to an inferior class of people in that society. Here inequality of different classes of people in this society is clearly

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International Business - Assignment Example Secondly, the culture of the people of USA is different to that of the people of Turkey. Evidently, the Turkey citizens have different beliefs to people of the United States of America hence a person working in the USA will be more diverse in terms of norms and beliefs to that person working in Turkey(Czinkota, 1989). In addition, the language barrier is another factor that brings the contradiction in the two working regions; that is USA and Turkey (DRS, 2012). For example, the national language of Turkey is Turkish while that of the United States of America is English. Therefore this vividly brings out the difference of working in the two countries. Furthermore, the constitution of the country Turkey is different to that of the USA (Czinkota, 1989). Evidently there are a number of things the government of Turkey approves one to engage in but the government of USA totally bans them totally and vice versa. In conclusion, there are a lot of things that may prohibit a person to work in a particular country and make that country unfavorable working environment. Clearly, this is highlighted throughout the book and one can practically hand pick

Describe something you have accomplished that makes you proud. What Essay

Describe something you have accomplished that makes you proud. What did you learn from from this experience that might help you to ensure high academic achievement for all of your students - Essay Example An example would be the women in the Women’s Shelter in Suffolk County. These women come in with low self esteem, sometimes running from an abusive mate, and might have several children. It was my job to help these women realize their worth. Despite tough backgrounds and obstacles, anyone who sets their mind to it can achieve goals with the right tools. Sometimes these tools are my counseling. Other tools could be another counselor, help with housing, drug counseling, and other programs. If a student is provided with resources, they can learn more efficiently knowing they are not alone. I am also very proud of my non-published work. Even though it has not been published, I have been researching different subjects with success. I feel a teacher can only be effective when continuing their own individual education. Even the most intelligent individual does not encompass all the knowledge to be had in the world. My non published work includes: The topics above will help me identify various predicaments my student will face. I am qualified to identify drug abuse, economic difficulty, social problems, care of parents or elderly relatives, and other issues. The key to teaching a student becomes understanding how they learn. If outside issues pressure a student until they are unable to learn, those issues must be taken care of first. Due to my knowledge that all students come from diverse backgrounds, I feel I am better suited to help students achieve high academic results. Instead of just writing a student off as lazy, I will try to find the root of the problem. Sometimes tired students have home problems, housing issues, or mental issues that need to be dealt with. What I can not help with, I hope I can find the right resources to introduce to the student. A connection with the student must be made. I hope with help all my students could

Domestic and International Terrorism and Cyberterrorism Essay

Domestic and International Terrorism and Cyberterrorism - Essay Example The use of the internet has led to various threats due to its exploitation by a terrorist. First, terrorists have for a time exploited the internet. The exploitation by the terrorist has led to the emergence of the new form of terrorism known as cyber-terrorism. As a result, it has become a direct threat to both the national and international security. The threat has been due to the usage of the internet to further terrorist activities. For example, the terrorist has relied on technology in developing propaganda, recruit, and at the same time train followers (Gable, n.d.). The effectiveness of the internet in advancing these activities should be viewed as an increased threat to individual countries and the international communities.Secondly, there has been a rise of websites that glorifies terrorist activities. For example, some of the terrorist groups create sites that are likely to advance their course. In fact, people have a habit of visiting such sites that venerate such acts. Su ch sites may also act as a ground for training new members and also as a way of soliciting for financial support (Gable, n.d.). In fact, the use of the internet may also make more efficient to plan an attack without easy identification of the criminals involved (Gable, n.d.).The other threat is in increased large number of people that can be targeted by cyber-terrorism. The rise of technology has made it possible for the terrorist to have a new population target.

There are two short written assignments for this lesson 2.1 Essay

There are two short written assignments for this lesson 2.1 - Essay Example The documents do not satisfactorily promote social justice according to the authors, an area which they deem as fundamental to the nursing practice. Bekeimeier and Butterfield feel that the documents need to have placed more focus on political action and on ways through which nurses can be able to address all underlying factors in the eradication of emerging health problems. With this, the three documents help in ensuring quality healthcare for individual patients that nurses come into contact with, rather than ensuring the quality health of the entire population. From the arguments presented by the two authors, the three documents bring about various social aspects but only mention this at some instances. The weight given on issues related to social justice cannot be compared to that given to issues related to individual patient care. The phrase social justice is reported to have only been used one time in each of the 3 documents, an indication of the value this has been given as co mpared to aspects related to nurse-patient relationships (Bekeimeier & Butterfield, 2005). Based on the arguments presented by the two authors, I strongly agree with their view and believe that more should have been done to promote the role of nurses as political and social leaders as well as advocates. Though the Scope and Standard for Practice document defines nurses as those who play these two roles of leadership and advocacy and in the promotion of social change and reforms towards the improvement of health, the document, just like the other two documents does not focus on how this can be effectively done (ANA, 2010). Having gone through the three documents by ANA, any one would see the evident focal point for the three documents. The amount of information given as guidelines for the nursing practice and that relate to the care and services provided to a patient is overwhelming. There are parts of the documents that touch on public health and the nurses’ involvement in th e promotion of public health, but have only been briefly stated (ANA, 2013). I am in complete agreement with the authors on the issue of collaboration as brought out in the three guide documents. In most cases, collaboration has always been taken to mean different groups of persons working together with one mission, and where each member makes a contribution towards the group. This is however not the concept brought out in the Code of Ethics, where collaboration during patient care would be taken to mean nurses working with patients and other related parties such as families and the surrounding community to promote quality care and treatment as well as overall promotion of complete health for all. The Code of Ethics, in this case brings out collaboration to mean the involvement of the patient in being part of the decision making process (ANA, 2013). This definition shifts the focus of the document from the social aspect to what most parts of the documents focus on; an individual pat ient. I also concur with the two on their view that the generalization of the term patient to refer to the

Pip and his Journey to becoming uncommon Essay Example for Free

Pip and his Journey to becoming uncommon Essay He shows it to Joe, who thinks its magnificent, but when Joe tries to read it all he can say is J. O. JO. (44) Pip is surprised, and then asks Joe if he can actually read. Joe replies that he can so Pip gives him a book, but again the only thing Joe can say is, J. O. JO. (44) Pip has looked up to Joe all his life, but now realizes how common Joe is. Pip is determined to teach Joe how to read, in order to make himself feel more uncommon, although Joe is happy with his simple blacksmiths life and doesnt want to change it. This is one example of Pip trying to make everyone around him uncommon for his own use. Later in the book, Joe is invited to Miss Havishams house with Pip. Joe gets all dressed up and is ready to go, and Pip realizes that Joe isnt himself when he is dressed up. While the two are at Miss Havishams house, she begins asking questions of Joe, but instead of replying to Miss Havisham, Joe replies to Pip. It appears that Joe feels Pip is a higher class than he is. Pips goal is to make Joe uncommon, but by exposing Joe to his own commonness, Pip made Joe feel even more common. Pips plan to make Joe uncommon backfires. Pip does not hesitate to take advantage of people and opportunities if it will help him on his journey to becoming uncommon. He is always looking for a way to push himself further up in society, and when he finds one, he takes advantage of it. Pip makes several visits to Miss Havishams house, every time becoming more and more attracted to Estella. Pip is attracted to Estella because of what the relationship would do to his social status. I have particular reasons for wanting to become a gentleman. You know best, Pip, but dont you think you are happier as you are? (114) He realizes that if he were to marry Estella, he would be rich and high class. With that marriage, Pips main goal in life would be completed. Pip also takes advantage of Biddy. Pip thinks that in order to become a gentleman you have to be educated. He knows that Biddy is very smart, and tries to use her to educate himself. Pips fixation with becoming uncommon leads him to use the people he knows as a step up in the ladder of society. In the beginning of the novel Pip is given a choice. Pip can either take the crooked or the straight path. It is his encounters with people of both higher and lower class that push him towards the crooked path. Pips encounters with people of a higher class make him feel jealous, and his encounters with people of a lower class make Pip feel common. Pips reactions to these encounters are to push himself further up in society, regardless of whom he hurts along the way. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Psycho Analytic Theorist And The Concepts Essay

Psycho Analytic Theorist And The Concepts Essay This paper discusses about psycho analytic theorist and the concepts of theorist according to the psychology. It also details the influential of Freuds work in the case of psychoanalytic theory and the concept of Freud. This paper explains the importance of Sigmund Freuds work and the suggestions about psychology. It also details how the analysts that followed Freud dissent from did his viewpoint. This paper links the theorist in the psychoanalytic group. It also concludes with this concept by providing the psychoanalytic concepts and how the concepts are relevant to todays culture. Psychoanalytic theory The psychoanalytic theory is the theory that is the dynamic of personality development and the personality development guides psychoanalytic theory. The method of psychoanalytic theory was associated by Sigmund Freud and the analysis of psychology is used to explore unconsciousness impulses, internal conflicts and anxieties etc. The psychoanalytic theory also focuses the concepts of infantile sexuality, transference and the resistance. The psychoanalytic theory is used to learn and behaviours of human being. 1. Sigmund Freud is a great psychoanalytic theorist and his psychoanalytic concepts are used in many ways among the world. The Sigmund Freuds concepts are influential to the people in the case of improving their personality and mental activities. His work was more influential to the people in the case of providing the solution for unconscious, childhood memories, dream analysis, and for the personality development. He had offered the complete explanation about the human condition. Sigmund Freud had given the perfect value to the psychoanalyst in the case of improving the human being activities, personality development and so on (Sigmund Freud, 2007). Human being utilizes the concept of Sigmund Fused in order improve themselves. His work was understandable and detailed for the people and he has written a broad range of subjects such as culture, dreams and religion that shows the Freuds perspectives in order to improve the human being activities. His theories were enormously influential in order to fabricate the culture of human being. His concept is very effective in the case of enhancing the psychology of human being. 2. Freud had believed the behaviour is the one that is driven from the fears and the desires and the behaviour is locked in the unconscious. The psychoanalysts had followed the point of Freud in order to improve the psychology. The psychoanalytic followers are believed that the concept of Sigmund Freud will be used for shaping the psychology environment and life of human being. Freud had made the consciousness thoughts that are very powerful for human beings life. The psychoanalysis is also the part of popular human culture and that was implemented by Sigmund Fraud thats why psychoanalyst noted him as the father of psychoanalytic theory. According to Freuds viewpoint, the psychoanalytic factors are provided effectively hence other analysts are giving the value to his point. Several psychoanalysts are attracted by the effective points of Sigmund Frauds. They are positively affected by the concepts of Sigmund Fraud. The impact of Sigmund Freud is the valuable one in the case of psychological theories. The psychoanalysts are followed the concepts of infantile sexuality, transference, and the superego that are made by the points of Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud is a great founder of psychoanalytic theory for the enhancement of people. His points are also very effective in the case of giving the personality development, motivation and perception to human being. Psychoanalysts are treating Freud as an inspiration for them and they are also following the methods and guideline of Sigmund Fraud to the people. The psychoanalyst concepts are very useful today for enhancing the activities of people in this world. Sigmund Freud was the doctor and he was delivered many psychoanalytic theory books in order to improve the psychological factors. These books are followed by psychoanalysts. 3. The theorists are contributing more in the case of psychoanalytic group by providing effective philosophy methods to them. The contribution and the value of theorist are very significant in the case of improving the psychological factors. The psychoanalytical theory is the most influential factor in the case of twentieth century and because the people in the twentieth century needs to have the better psychology theory for their enhancement. The theorists are also the responsible for the implementation of psychoanalytic theory. Hence the theorists are linked with the psychoanalytical theory. The theorists are linked with the psychoanalytic groups by emphasizing the role of unconscious impulses and overcoming conflicts. The theorist are decides the psychological stage, age, virtue that are related with the psychopathology for the psychoanalytic theory. The psychoanalytical group is concentrated in the case of child psychology, treating couples and conducting the family therapy conditions. In this case, the guidelines of psychological theory and the theorists are very helpful to psychoanalytical theory. The theorists and psychoanalytical groups link with the psychoanalytical group in the case of providing the better solution for the human beings problems. The theorists are providing the theories for psychological factors in order to improve mental health professionals and practises. The theorists are also delivering the concepts in the case of handling the feelings, thoughts and actions that are linked with the psycho analytical theories. The attachment theory, transference, and rà ©sistance are the theories that are contributed by the theorist for the psychoanalytical theory groups. The psychoanalytic theory group is depending upon the theorists and the contribution of theorist and hence theorist must link in the case of psychoanalytic theory groups. 4. The three types of psychoanalytical concepts are relevant to todays culture and the modern culture is affected by those psychoanalytical concepts. These psychoanalytic concepts were provided by Sigmund Freud and his concepts very effective to modern world. The three concepts are unconsciousness, resistance and transference and so on. The unconsciousness is the psychoanalytical concept that provides the development of adult emotional problems in the world. This unconscious treatment method is involving in the case of free association of ideas, interpretation by patient, discover the ling buried events. The unconsciousness concept is making the present relationship to patient in the current culture. The resistance is the concept of psychoanalytic theory that was initiated by Sigmund Fraud. It also plays the vital role in the culture of human beings. This resistance is referred to the patients in the case of blocking memories from the unconscious memory. This is related with the modern culture in the case of developing the thoughts and feelings of patients. In this case, the patient can automatically resist the self exploration that makes the comfortable environment to patients. Then the patients can experience the life as happier because the painful emotions can be resisted by this concept thats why this concept also relevant to todays culture (Ruth Stein, 1999). The third concept is the effective one that concept also plays the vital role in the case of current culture. It is the phenomenon that is characterized by unconsciousness redirection of feeling among the human being. The transference is utilizes for better understanding of the patients feelings and thoughts in this world. The transference makes the better positive relationship to the patients hence it is also related with the current culture. Conclusion The psychoanalytic theory and the concepts of psychoanalytic theory were discussed. The concepts of Sigmund Freud to the psychoanalytical theory were described. The relationship of theorists with the psychoanalytical theory was detailed. The contribution of psychoanalyst to the psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud was explained. The three psychoanalytical concepts that are related with the current culture were provided and the supporting points for them were concluded.

Themes in Metropolis

Themes in Metropolis Channelling a zeitgeist of Totalities, Metropolis explores how dystopic values result in loss of humanity. The reductionism of the workers, debased to mindless cattle through the stark uniformity of costuming and emotionless body language during Shift Change, foreshadows the deteriorating economic situation as Germany approached the Great Depression. The dehumanisation of the proletariats as they move through the Workers City is emphasised by the movement of intertitles down the screen. It suggests that the workers have become part of the functional elevator they are riding in, mirroring their social status as the recurring motif of inferior Hands to the superior Head;ÂÂ   addressing the emerging post-war social stratification experienced by Langs original audience. The workers grim reality sharply contrasted with the gaiety and decadence of the Eternal Gardens, a twisted biblical allusion to the Garden of Eden. The gaudy courtesans and men are ironically dehumanised, as their f rolicking in this utopian, idyllic setting gives them a deified yet carnal quality. Lang thus degrades their humanity until what remains is an animalistic baseness, inflated by their expressionist acting resonant of the style in post-war Weimar nightlife. Consequently, the film reveals Metropolis as a cinematic masterpiece hybridising traditional pastoral Germany and the post-war world one modernist era. In stark contrast, Orwell, holds a deeply pessimistic perspective, specifically positing the weakness of character in response to oppression. 1984 is a clear reaction to the prevailing 1940s social orthodoxy which blindly lauded the totalitarian methods of the USSR, and as such, expounds the inevitable subjugation of humanity under state control. The two minutes hate is seen to easily avert the citizenrys oppressed frustrations to an external inimical target, highlighting the malleability of human passion, while the heretic Goldsteins verbosity evokes that of Soviet dissident Leon Trotsky, thus allowing Orwell to equate the Partys despotic practices with the USSRs. In addition, whilst the use of a third person, limited point of view allows for the comprehension of Winstons stark individuality, the parataxis in He loved Big Brother is jarring, and suggests Orwells firm belief in the inevitable weakness of the human spirit against oppression. It is a bleak coda in contrast to that of M etropolis, thus emphasizing the inevitable overwhelming of the human spirit by oppressive forces. Furthermore, the ultimate dismantling of personal reason is illustrated in OBriens self-reflexive They got me long ago, suggesting his previous individuality, now dismantled, with such nihilism emanating from Orwells own betrayal and persecution by pro-Soviet socialist comrades whilst serving during the Spanish Civil War. Further raised in the Partys mantra He who controls the past controls the future this attitude emphasises the perpetual overwhelming of human expression under oppressive regimes. Metropolis also condemns the degeneration within Langs social zeitgeist by capturing the destructive consequences of revolutions, echoing a period of instability in the rebellions against a fragile democracy. Lang reflects Hitlers futile Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, through the biblical allusion of the construction of the Tower of Babel, foreshadows the destruction of Metropolis to didactically warn against anarchy and revolution. Fredersens frantic repetition of, where is my son?! coupled with theatrical acting in an Expressionist fashion emphasises his profound emotional turmoil, positioning audiences to align with Langs perspective that in the struggle to rise against the present, the future of ensuing generations will be compromised. By extension, the juxtaposition of Marias struggle to stop the flooding against Grots ease in initiating this change affirms Langs perspective that it is far more difficult to wind back revolutionary change, echoing Germanys cataclysmic period of hyperi nflation fuelled by the Ruhr uprising in 1923. Thus, Langs portrayal of revolution to entail destructive consequences clearly stems from contextual influence of the revolts in Weimar Germany. Unlike Metropolis, 1984 draws on the beliefs of the time to present an ideological critique of technology as a propagandist tool for manipulation. In keeping with his obsession with national security and through recurring motifs of surveillance, Orwell portrays technology as a means for the Party to amass unchallenged orthodoxy and fear, evident in Winstons apprehensive tone, no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any moment, representing loss of individual agency. Embodied in the brutal personification, you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face-for ever, and compounded by the fact that Minitrues technology allows the past to be erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth. Relaying contextual fears of a possible Stalinist regime, Orwells polyptoton illustrates that time and truth can be obliterated by technology, reducing them to mere symbols of human fallibility. Furthermore, people can be vaporised, You will be annihilate d in the past as well as in the future. You will never have existed, though the anaphoric use of will is ironic since 1984 operates as Orwells didactic commentary. Orwell aligned with Langs perspective that there is no possibility of a future when the usurpation of natural boundaries through technology as a tool for manipulation results in such a dystopic society.

Market Opportunity Analysis :: essays research papers fc

Market Opportunity Analysis Ruonan Tan 0423688 Introduction In our modern society , lots of companies are surrounded by the numerous competition and dealt with many questions , for example , are your products consistent with your customers’ current and future needs? Do you have a flow of new products to meet the information needs of your market? Are the products you’re developing strategically significant? The answer is unkown , because the market opportunity analysis for every product is playing an important role in company ‘s philosophy . Jerry Y. Wind has argued that â€Å"Market opportunity analysis is key to the survival and growth of any firm including national and international companies , particularly in the competitive marketplace.† ( The Lauder Professor and professor of Marketing, The Wharton School, Trustee, The Philadelphia Museum of Art) . The ever-accelerated updating of economic and commercial brings about a great number of changes and challenges in modern society , especially in the expansion of marketplace and influence of market opportunity research and analysis for different firms . It seems that market opportunity is playing significant role .Recently Hi-Micro company was established and have identified that the on-going globalization of the world economy, its strategic location, and the existing market structure provide them with a potential opportunity to develop as an international high-tech computer market leader. In recognition of the risks involved, Hi-micro test the market of Innovators and Mercedes to examine the basis for the opportunity, assess how these two products measure up against competing other companies , such as Wellbox and KnLs , determine potential market niches, and develop a strategic marketing plan. This current report, the Hi-Micro Market Opportunity Analysis, represents the process of m arketing through the analyses of the following sections mainly for Hi-micro that are closely related to market opportunity analysis . The business environment and the forces What is an on demand Operating Environment? It is defined as â€Å" a set of integration and infrastructure management capabilities that customers and partners can utilize, in a modular and incremental fashion, to enable the transformation to e-business on demand. It is not: a single product, nor a brand, nor a platform, nor an architecture†. The design of an on demand operating environment must match the design of the business itself. In order for more and more flexibility and componentization to be achieved in the business design, the infrastructure must evolve from silos of complex, over-provisioned, proprietary hardware and software – to a standards-based infrastructure where capacity can be optimized across the entire organization.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization :: essays research papers

North Atlantic Treaty Organization World War II had created stained relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. This created a state of undeclared war, that would last for nearly 50 years. Although the threat of nuclear devastation hovered over the people of the United States, a new program was created to provide a "Partnership for Peace" between countries with like views to ban together against the Soviet Union. Complications in the more or less alliance of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union the has appeared at the Yalta and Postdam conferences in 1945, especially in regard to the future of Poland. The Soviet Union had annexed the independent Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and after the war quickly took under control almost all of Eastern Europe. The last straw was the communist takeover of the Czechoslovakia in 1948. This created the immediate need for the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. On April 4, 1949, four years after W.W.II this plan for "Partnership for Peace" was brought to action. In Washington, DC, twelve countries signed into alliance in one of the most important international actions of "The Cold War". The twelve countries that signed into the North Atlantic Treat Organization were; the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Iceland, and Portugal. The North Atlantic Treaty itself contained a preamble and 14 articles. Of course the North Atlantic Treaty is more formal then how I am going ot explain it but this is to give you the main ideas of the composition of the treaty. Preamble: The Parties to this treaty reaffirm their faith. Article 1: Settle all international disputes which they may be involved in must be resolved in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice are not endangered. Article 2: Promote conditions of stability and well being. Article 3: By means of continuous and effective self help and mutual aid, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack. Article 4: The Parties will consult together whenever the opinion of any of them is threatened. Article 5: "The Parties agree that an armed attack against one of more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all." Article 6: For the purpose of article 5 on any of the Parties will result in an armed attack on the territory of the treaty breaker.

A Critique of the Juliette Beck Speech -- Argumentative Persuasive Pol

A Critique of the Juliette Beck Speech Juliette Beck's speech, "Reclaiming Just and Sustainable Communities in the Age of Corporate Globalization" neither adequately described the problems of globalization as it is currently structured, nor did it provide any answers to the problems with it, either the real problems that actually exist (labor and environmental exploitation) or the problems that Beck purported (large corporations). Primarily, Beck's speech was flawed in that it was incoherent and empirical incorrect. For instance 1) it purported the idea that globalization was "not inevitable", 2) it called upon the myth of "small is beautiful", confusing the real problem with globalization (Capitalist structure) with a false problem (the scale of the Corporate in a globalized world), and 3) it was often merely incorrect in some of the ideas and statistics that it stated. Also, the speech was not true to its title (well, maybe it was in that both were basically ridden with non-sense), in that it did not give real economic or political alternatives to Corporate Globalization. First, globalization already exists. The world's economic structure is already on a global scale. Although change is possible, the idea that we can regress back into history, destroying a globalized world and making Localism over all is not only a bad idea, but a useless, silly one. Capitalism, by its nature, is acquisitive, as is also imperialism. As long as either exist (usually joint hand and hand, at least in this point of pre-history), they will seek out, with the world's wonderful technology and knowledge, the few unmolested areas left in the world. These forces, by the sheer scale that they exist on, are impossible to overthrow at local levels, a... ...cally flawed, and did not even give many localist alternatives to corporate globalization, in addition to not giving any real alternative to it. However, in spite of this, some people on campus were so inadequately informed about the reality of how globalization is being carried out that it did do some level of good. Under a constant barrage of statistics and moralistic proclamations aimed at revealing the debased practices of institutions such as the IMF and World Bank, some students did leave with a better perspective on how corporate globalization (i.e. Capitalism, if they come to identify it as such on there own) is operating and with more interest with, at the least, becoming much better informed on the issue and, at the best, even becoming involved with political and civil organizations aimed at humanizing and democratizing the process known as globalization.

Basic of Stock Market

Wouldn't you love to be a business owner without ever having to show up at work? Imagine if you could sit back, watch your company grow, and collect the dividend checks as the money rolls in! As you've probably guessed, we're talking about owning stocks. This fabulous category of financial instruments is, without a doubt, one of the greatest tools ever invented for building wealth.Stocks are a part, if not the cornerstone, of nearly any investment portfolio. When you start on your road to financial freedom, you need to have a solid understanding of stocks and how they trade on the stock market.Over the last few decades, the average person's interest in the stock market has grown exponentially. What was once a toy of the rich has now turned into the vehicle of choice for growing wealth. This demand coupled with advances in trading technology has opened up the markets so that nowadays nearly anybody can own stocks. This paper is intended to explain all the basic questions about the inv esting. This will help new investors to lighten up their confusions and equip them the basic idea of Stock Market. Basic of Stock Market What Are Stocks?Stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company's assets and earnings. As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater. Shares, equity, or stock, it all means the same thing. Being an Owner Holding a company's stock means that you are one of the many owners (shareholders) of a company and, as such, you have a claim (albeit usually very small) to everything the company owns. This means that technically you own a tiny sliver of every piece of furniture, every trademark, and every contract of the company.As an owner, you are entitled to your share of the company's earnings as well as any voting rights attached to the stock. A stock is represented by a stock certificate. This is a fancy piece of paper that is proof of your ownership. In today's computer age, sharehol ders won't actually get to see this document because the brokerage keeps these records electronically, which is also known as holding shares. In the past, when a person wanted to sell his or her shares, that person physically took the certificates down to the brokerage. Now, trading can be done with a click of the mouse or a phone call.Debt vs. Equity Why does a company issue stock? Why would the founders share the profits with thousands of people when they could keep profits to themselves? The reason is that at some point every company needs to raise money. To do this, companies can either borrow it from somebody or raise it by selling part of the company, which is known as issuing stock. A company can borrow by taking a loan from a bank or by issuing bonds. Both methods fit under the umbrella of debt financing. On the other hand, issuing stock is called equity financing.Issuing stock is advantageous for the company because it does not require the company to pay back the money or m ake interest payments along the way. All that the shareholders get in return for their money is the hope that the shares will someday be worth more than what they paid for them. The first sale of a stock, which is issued by the private company itself, is called the initial public offering (IPO) (Mladjenovic, 2002). When buying a debt investment such as a bond, shareholders are guaranteed the return of their money (the principal) along with promised interest payments.But in equity investment, being one of the owners of the company, shareholders assume the risk of the company not being successful – just as a small business owner isn't guaranteed a return, neither is a shareholder. Shareholders earn a lot if a company is successful, but they also stand to lose their entire investment if the company isn't successful. Risk It must be emphasized that there are no guarantees when it comes to individual stocks. Some companies pay out dividends, but many others do not.And there is no obligation to pay out dividends even for those firms that have traditionally given them. Without dividends, an investor can make money on a stock only through its appreciation in the open market. On the downside, any stock may go bankrupt, in which case shareholders investment is worth nothing. Although risk might sound all negatives, there is also a bright side. Taking on the greater risk also demands a greater return on investment. This is the reason why stocks have historically outperformed other investments such as bonds or savings accounts.Over the long term, an investment in stocks has historically had an average return of around 10-12%. Different Types of Stocks There are two main types of stocks: common stock and preferred stock. Common Stock A common stock is the basic stock a corporation issues. It just shows that shareholder own a fraction of the company. The common stocks are directly influenced by failures and successes of the company. Common stocks are more of a gamble . Since there is a higher chance of making profit, common stock owners are issued their dividends or profits after the preferred stock.Over the long term, common stock, by means of capital growth, yields higher returns than almost every other investment. If a company goes bankrupt and liquidates, the common shareholders will not receive money until the creditors, bondholders and preferred shareholders are paid. Preferred Stock Preferred stock represents some degree of ownership in a company but usually doesn't come with the same voting rights (Wikipedia, 2006). After all the common stock has been issued, companies begin to distribute preferred stock. The preferred stock owners are given their dividends before the common stock owners are.Also, if the company goes out of business, and liquidates, the preferred stock owners are paid back the money they invested before the common stockholders are reimbursed. The main drawback of preferred stocks is that they cannot benefit as much from company profits because they are only paid a fixed dividend payment. How Stocks Trade Most stocks traded on exchanges, which are places where buyers and sellers meet and decide on a price. Some exchanges are physical locations where transactions are carried out on a trading floor.The other type of exchange is virtual, composed of a network of computers where trades are made electronically – Internet trading. The purpose of a stock market is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, reducing the risks of investing. The New York Stock Exchange The most prestigious exchange in the world is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (Encarta, 2006). The â€Å"Big Board† was founded over 200 years ago in 1792, with the signed of the Buttonwood Agreement by 24 New York City stockbrokers and merchants.Orders come in through brokerage firms that are members of the exchange and flow down to floor brokers who go to a specific spot on the floor where the stock trades. At this location, known as the trading post, there is a specific person known as the specialist whose job is to match buyers and sellers. Prices are determined using an auction method: the current price is the highest amount any buyer is willing to pay and the lowest price at which someone is willing to sell. Once a trade has been made, the details are sent back to the brokerage firm, who then notifies the investor who placed the order.Although there is human contact in this process, computers play a huge role in the process too. The Nasdaq The second type of exchange is the virtual sort called an over-the-counter (OTC) market, of which the Nasdaq is the most popular. These markets have no central location or floor brokers. Trading is done through a computer and telecommunications network of dealers. A market maker provides continuous bid and ask prices within a prescribed percentage spread for shares for which they are designated to make a market.They may match up buyers an d sellers directly but usually they will maintain an inventory of shares to meet demands of investors. Other Exchanges The third largest exchange in the U. S. is the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The AMEX used to be an alternative to the NYSE, but Nasdaq had filled that role since. In fact, the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which is the parent of Nasdaq, bought the AMEX in 1998. Almost all trading now on the AMEX is in small-cap stocks and derivatives. Buying StocksYou've now learned what a stock is and a little bit about the principles behind the stock market, but how do investors actually go about buying stocks? Investors don't have to go down into the trading pit yelling and screaming your order. There are two main ways to purchase stock: Using a Brokerage The most common method to buy stocks is to use a brokerage. Brokerages come in two different kinds. Full-service brokerages offer to investors (supposedly) expert advice and can manage the investorâ€℠¢s account; they also charge a lot.While discount brokerages offer little in the way of personal attention but are much cheaper. At one time, only the wealthy could afford a broker since only the expensive, full-service brokers were available. But when Internet came, the online discount brokers have been available, more affordable. DRIPs & DIPs Dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) and direct investment plans (DIPs) are plans by which individual companies, for a minimal cost, allow shareholders to purchase stock directly from the company. Drips are a great way to invest small amounts of money at regular intervals. Bull and Bear MarketsIn addition to the three market theories mentioned above, there are other ways of thinking about the market as a whole, that are less theoretical and more grounded in what is actually happening to them. One way is to describe the overall trends in the market, such as by defining them as bearish or bullish. The Bulls A bull market, loosely defined, is a m arket in which the major stock indexes have risen by over 20% over a substantial period of time, usually measured in months or years. Bull markets can happen as a result of an economic recovery, an economic boom, or simple investor psychology (Khan, 1998).The longest and most famous of all bull markets is the one that began in the early 1990s in which the U. S. equity markets grew at their fastest pace ever. The Bears Bear markets are the exact opposite of bull markets: they are markets in which the major indexes have declined by 20% or more over a period of at least two months (a decline that large for any shorter time period is simply called a â€Å"correction†, especially if it followed a substantial rise). Bear markets usually occur when the economy is in a recession and unemployment is high, or when inflation is rising quickly.The most famous bear market in U. S. history was, the Great Depression of the 1930s. Price Chart/ Stock Table A price chart graphically illustrate s a stock's price action over a selected period — one year, for instance. Some investors, called technical analysts or chartists, feel it's a waste of time examining financial statements, dissecting analysts' forecasts or pondering a firm's prospects vis-a-vis the competition. Instead, they believe that a price chart tells them everything they need to know about a stock. Chartists say stock prices move in trends.That is, a stock that has already been moving up in price (up trend) will continue its winning ways, while one going the other way (downtrend) will continue to disappoint its shareholders. The analysis is easy. If the stock is in an up trend, the price will be higher on the right side than in middle or left side of the chart. Conversely, the right side will be lower than the middle or the left side if it's in a downtrend. Conclusion In conclusion, people around us might say that Stock Market is a gamble and investors might lose their money anytime.It will only happen if the investor will not do his responsibility as investors. Investing is not easy, investor need to do his assignment in order to gain. There have been untold ways about how to make the stock market easier and safer for the new investors. Few, if any, are likely to prove useful or effective. But in order to minimize the risks of financial market imbalances, it is important that there be a well thought-out laws for investing, rules and regulations that implement properly, smoothly, and honestly. This task requires the participation of all concerned investors.Bibliography Khan, A. (1998). Stock Investing for Everyone: Tools for Investing Like the Pros (p. 136). San Jose, CA: Bookworld Services Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia (2006). Stock Exchange. Retrieved last December 03, 2006, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761560145/Stock_Exchange. html#s1 Mladjenovic, P. (2002). Stock Investing for Dummies (p. 9). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Wikipedi a, the free encyclopedia (2006). Preferred stock. Retrieved last December 03, 2006, from http://en

A Short Time in the Life of a Teacher

I begin the week by getting up. This is the part I hate the most. I wake up, my breath stinks, my hair covers my face like a mop and I look like I have been run over a few times! No problem, I'll soon sort that out! My alarm clock shocks me into a conscious state – it is horrible; it reminds me of the school fire alarm and it is just as loud too! So, not only am I very wide awake but I am dying of a cardiac arrest! Yes, it's Monday morning and no, it is not a terrible dream; so I throw off my covers and crawl out of bed. My room is small but snug. I like it like that. The terracotta walls are warm, the bed is a fresh white and my dressing table is a lovely pale wood, which is very hard to come by. I like things to be minimalist and tidy, there is nothing lying on the floor and my dressing table consists of a mirror and hairbrush, I'm not one for make-up. As my eyes adjust to the light, I can already tell that it is a pleasant day, the room has a stimulating feeling to it, which is different to any other day, where the sky is overcast and the sea is crashing over the wall outside of my window. I get washed, run downstairs and cram all that wonderful work that I did last night into my bag. Then I throw on my leathers, jump onto my Honda VTR 1000 sp-2 (the most amazing motorbike in the world!) and I'm off! I have a bit of a passion for motor bikes, I always have. When I was younger I used to cycle to school. I always wanted a motor bike but I was obviously too young at the age of fifteen and when I got to eighteen, the bike was too expensive to insure. Now I have my bike and I am the biker chic of the century, to be honest, I feel very superior to the people I whiz past when I am on my bike and they are sitting in their dreary cars! It takes me half an hour in the morning with all the traffic, I can weave in and around all the cars but I still have to wait at the traffic lights, which seem to change red every time I come close to them! There are a lot of people on their bikes in the morning, I do not know why there are so many, I recognise everyone and they all know who I am. Every day I wave or nod to the same people and they return the gesture. It is a friendly feeling when you live in such a small place. Before I know it, I am at school. I take my black helmet off and stare up at the massive building. It is ugly on the outside but at least it has a story to tell; that is what I like about old buildings, they always have a great history to them. I park my bike by the side of the huge granite stairs that I have to trundle up before I can get to the doorway. When I arrive at the giant door I turn the handle and the door swings open on its own accord, it is so heavy that I have to use all my weight to close it again. Once it is closed I lean against it, facing the inside of the school and breathe in the air which has not yet been moved by any one except for the school cat and the janitor. No one is here; seven thirty in the morning is a bit too early for most of the students and staff. Most of them will still be in bed until eight o'clock! I like the school when it is empty; it has a nice feeling to it. I sometimes imagine that it is my house and that I live here all alone, that it is my mansion. The illusion is broken when the janitor strolls past me, â€Å"Good morning Taisie!† He remarks cheerily. John has been here since six this morning; I cringe to think what time he has to rise! My form room is on the second floor, so I spring up the staircase that leads from the main entrance. I love the staircases here. The banisters are intricately designed with beautiful patterns and the deep red mahogany shines as the light bounces off it from the tremendous chandelier that hangs from the ceiling. The stairs twist upwards to the second floor. I walk down the corridor and take in the wonderful feeling of the quiet school; in an hour there will be young ladies screaming down the hallway laughing and gossiping about what they did on Friday night. Now, the only sound I can hear is that of my feet padding down the stone pathway. The walls echo at every sound I make but the feeling of being totally alone is welcomed. My door has a solid brass handle; it is freezing cold and my hands seem to invite the refreshing feeling of something cool after wearing black leather gloves. As I twist the handle and open the door, the hinges creek. I feel a blast of hot air as the box that is my classroom gasps for a breath. It is always hot in my room but that is the price I have to pay for having a classroom that over looks the tennis courts and swimming pool. I do not mind though, I spent most of my time in the drama studio, English is the subject I teach less of at the moment. I dump my pack on the floor and run off to the staff changing room to exchange my leather gear for my trousers, shirt and Jacket (not forgetting about my shoes but did you really want to know that?). After I have organised my books and plan for the day, I force myself to go to the staff room. I hate the staff room. Don't get me wrong, I like to socialise with all my colleagues but sometimes I can have more of an intelligent conversation with my pupils. I feel that I am the only member of staff who actually cares about my students. I am fed up of listening to an assemblage of adults who think that they are far superior to the rest of the adult community just because they are teachers. I sometimes wonder if any of them care about the students' welfare – after all, they're â€Å"just part of the job.† When I was at college, I wanted to help. All the way through school, I wanted to change the way people thought about teachers but now I realise that I am fighting a losing battle. I am the only one who does not expect the â€Å"ladies† to be perfect. I think about their future, I treat them as individuals and talk about them in a positive way, I want to help them and not just treat them as â€Å"another case I have to deal with every day.† They are not just a student body, they are individuals and I am fed up of my colleagues always seeing the bad side of the pupils, how is that going to help them? Although I said that I am fighting a losing battle, I live in hope. I still treat them as individuals or young adults and I realise that they are actually people, not just part of the job, even if no one else does. ‘ And this is for your form Taisie' The deputy head, Sharyn Tinton, shoves a wadge of paper into my hand with rules and regulations plastered all over them – the usual – no jewellery, no body piercing, no blah, blah, blah. The girls already know what not to wear and what is appropriate; I am tired of hearing it over and over! Me telling the students to take their nose piercing out is not going to make any difference whatsoever. That does not mean to say that I do not tell them off if they do have it visible but I think, â€Å"what you don't know, won't hurt you!† ‘ I have to go to arrange my class for their form assembly, Sharyn.' ‘Alright then, scurry off to your class!' Scoffed Sharyn, she cannot stand the fact that I might actually care about my form! And â€Å"Scurry off† – what on earth's that suppose to mean – god give me strength! I decide to take the long way to my form room, which means I have to walk half way around the school but I need time to clear my head. I have to keep a positive attitude; I don't want to end up like Sharyn Tinton. ‘ Miss. Holcroft?' Yes, I am a Miss. I am not married and I do not have any children. I am a twenty seven-year old single teacher. I enjoy the freedom but at times I get depressed and I wish I could go home to someone besides my cat that would give me a hug and tell me that everything would turn out okay. Instead, I am going to grow old on my own, with no children and no husband; I'll be the cat woman†¦. ‘ Miss. Holcroft!' ‘Yes Lara?' A familiar voice. Lara always has an excuse. Even when she hands her work in on time, she has to elaborate on how her printer made the lines uneven. Maybe it is a compulsive disorder, I wouldn't know, I never did psychology! ‘ I handed in my essay but I've just realised that I never wrote a conclusion!' ‘ Lara, don't worry, I'll read it through and you can write a conclusion for next Wednesday, is that alright by you?' ‘Yes thank you Miss.' And she skips down the corridor, pleased that she has managed to make yet another thing wrong with her work! It is strange, I see so many different personalities and every single one is a pleasure to work with! Essay. English Essay. GCSE course work essay, which means more marking, which means more staying after school – late! I have now come to the locker room, which happens to be the only one that is in the corridor. All the other ones have their own rooms, why my forms one has to be in the corridor, I don't know! As I stroll past the bright orange and grey lockers, a girl passes me quickly. I know who she is, she's in my English and Drama classes; we seem to get along just fine but when it comes to passing her in the corridor, she is a different person. She keeps her eyes glued to the floor and swerves as far away from me as possible. I do not know why she does it but I know it is not personal because she does it to every member of staff – especially the male teachers. I do wonder about her sometimes. I'll speak to her after Drama†¦ maybe. As I get closer to my form room I can hear laughing and screaming and I can guess where it is coming from, so I rush to my door. ‘ ALRIGHT CLASS, SETTLE DOWN!' I have to raise my voice several decibels to compete with the racket that manages to come out of twenty-four pupils' mouths. ‘ Morning Miss.!' They all announce in unison. I never asked them to say good morning but they always do! ‘ Unfortunately guys, I'm going to have to lecture you all about behaviour, uniform and monthly events.' Several groans from the class ‘ As you can all see, I have a wadge of paper to get through so for your benefit, as well as mine, you should all keep quiet – that way I can speed through this in no time. But first thing's first – register!' I skim through the names, I know them in order by heart now and the routine is the same every day.' Kelly, Sam, Fiona, Laura†¦ I haven't seen her. Oh, there you are, hiding at the back of the class – put that brain fryer away! Katie, Sam†¦' And it goes on, they do not need to answer, I know who is there already and if I have not seen them, then they have to tell me. As far as absences go, I never have any. Late marks on the other hand, are a different story! â€Å"Now for the lecture, which I know you are all going to love!' And I trundle through the piles and piles of paper that Sharyn gave me. I look around the classroom as I speak and all I can see are tired, bored faces. They all know what I am going to say before it even comes out of my mouth†¦ ‘ Litter is not acceptable in the canteen area, or anywhere else for that matter – Becky, quiet – school jackets must be worn at all times outside of school, you made them make fitted ones instead of blazers, now wear them!' ‘And what if I cycle?' Marie shouts at the top of her voice. ‘You wrap the jacket about your head like a turban when you cycle! What do you think Marie, you have already asked me that before! I know it's a Monday morning but try to get your brain in gear before the day starts!' ‘If she has one!' Becky interrupts and the whole class laughs, including Marie. ‘Okay, I won't bring it then?' ‘Actually, keep it in your locker just in case Miss. Tinton decides to walk us all down to the church suddenly, like last week. If it is in your locker, you will always be prepared for her little â€Å"surprises†.' ‘ And finally; your shoes have to be FLAT. Yuck, I know but you just have to like it or lump it. Think about it ladies. If you lot look dressed up with belts as skirts – not saying any of you do – and platform shoes for school, you will look the same when you go out at the weekend and what's the point in that?' A young lady at the back of the class shoots her hand up in the air. ‘ Yes Sarah?' ‘Can I go to the loo please?' ‘You can†¦ but you may not!' Sarah sits there with her eyes crossed as the rest of the form laugh. One of the girls next to her is kind enough to explain what my last sentence just indicated and when she finally comprehends, she slides back into her chair, her face as red as a tomato! ‘Seen as you said ‘please', you may go to the loo. Just remember what to say next time!' As soon as Sarah runs out the classroom, the form bursts into fits of laughter. ‘I'm glad to see that you're all awake now. Does anyone have anything valuable that they wish to say?' ‘Georgina loves Simon!' Screams Becky and the bell rings. ‘Good morning class.' ‘Good morning Miss.' And they're gone. * My morning starts with Drama – just the lesson I need to wake the students (and myself) up. Drama is my subject; Drama is the subject. I have been doing Drama, theatre studies and degrees in the performing arts all my life and now, I am teaching it. I am head of the Drama Department. My year nine class is preparing for their play. They chose it; they were fed up of my â€Å"morbid† plays. But I think that it brings out the true potential of the students. Anger and sorrow are the two easiest (in my opinion) emotions to perform well. The girls seem to think other wise. They have chosen ‘Alice in Wonderland', which, I must admit, is a wonderful story for both adults and children – so well written. Luckily the class arrives five minutes late, at least I have some time to get all my things in order. A goblin seems to have rushed about my office and thrown all my lesson plans around and messed up my whole week! They all sit in a circle and immediately start talking about â€Å"stuff†. I don't know why they always sit down because I always ask them to stand right up again! Scanning the class, I can see that every one is here. It is strange that at the age of 14, the girls are still in their little groups. It saddens me to think that there is always one girl who gets left out. I can't see anything wrong with her. She is mature, sensible†¦ I see, she's mature! This lot is very giggly; they sit in their little groups plaiting each other's hair and singing. There is one group in the middle of the class. I can tell and have also been informed that this is the â€Å"cool† group. In my opinion, they are not cool at all. They are the cockiest, rudest pick of the bunch. I can't remember when they last handed their homework in. They refuse to enjoy doing anything that involves any one whom is not in their group. In the near left corner are the â€Å"geeks†. They look extremely studious, only one of them wears glasses but at this school, like many others, the length of your skirt decides your â€Å"class†. The â€Å"geeks† have decent length skirts – which obviously makes them really â€Å"sad†. Then, in the near right corner are the people who are â€Å"semi-geeks†, â€Å"gliders† or â€Å"sailors† (who make up these STUPID names?) They are the people, who are friendly to everyone, don't always have perfect homework but hand it in most of the time and don't fit into any extreme gr oup. Then there is one girl, who always sits in the far-left corner of the room, reading her book and not hurting anyone. She is quiet and lacks in self-confidence, mainly because of her past with bullying and the fact that everyone rejects her because she likes to read (don't ask). She is the mature one, the girl who is very knowledgeable but no one finds out – not even the rest of the staff – because they don't have time for her or they don't like the length of her skirt. It'll never change; it was the same when I was at school! ‘Stand up please' And I begin the lesson. A whole hour of drama. I warm them up, get them to run about screaming (I know this makes them feel silly but hey!) and finally sit down and watch them do their play, shouting ‘No, no, no. You don't laugh when you are crying, you do it like this!' And I fling myself into their world of make believe showing them how to do it. I told the girls whom they were going to play and when I told them that Danielle (the quiet young lady who sits in the far-left corner) was going to be Alice they threw a tiff. Not after class but right in front of Danielle. ‘It's alright Miss. Holcroft, I'll just be a tree or something if no one wants me to do it.' She whispered. I had comments such as ‘She can't act!' and ‘ She's too fat to be Alice.' Not only can Danielle act; she is FAR from fat. In fact, she dances eight times a week and is the most skeletal young girl I have seen in a while, I know she used to be a bit heavier but they obviously just kept her nickname. They are now coming to realise that Danielle can act and is very good at it too. I think they are a bit jealous to be honest. They are doing well and need little direction from me but when things start to slow down; I'll jump into the scene and throw my ideas around the set for them to catch if they wish. Danielle just stands there. I know she has good ideas, I've seen her writing them down and sticking them in her school diary but she is too nervous to say anything. I get frustrated standing there watching her brain working over and over and yet, she stands there, expressionless. There's nothing much I can do in class and I don't want to frighten her off by asking her to stay behind in front of the class but I so want her to say what she is thinking, I want to know why she avoids people in the corridors, why she reads and reads. Why am I so†¦aggravated? This is why we are not allowed to care; we have to â€Å"get on with our job†. But the girls in this school are people just like us teachers, just younger. If one of my colleagues were doing the same, it would not be considered strange for me to try to help. But the moment we try to help a student with anything other than work, we are told we are getting too close. It's all a big circle though. It will affect their work if it gets worse and I want to stop it before it gets to that stage. How? After half an hour of watching them I get out strips of paper and write comments on them, of what I think of their work. I do not usually do this but I have an idea. Every one has to improve projection and develop character but there are little things that people are just not doing right. So, I write them on bits of paper and the students don't get embarrassed, I'm seeing if it changes the way they act. Genius. Everyone starts to walk out of the class, Danielle at the back and I say, ‘Oh, Danielle, can you help me with something in my office, I would just like you to take something to Mr. O'Hara as well.' No one turns around, no one cares and no one laughs. Good. I did not plan to speak to her, it just came out of my mouth, now I have to decide on what I am going to say to her (this is where improvisation skills come in handy!) When all but one have left the class I sit down on one of the black bean bags that sits in the far left corner of the class. Danielle is standing there reading her book. So now what do I say? ‘Danielle, your acting is really coming on, what do you think of the play so far?' Now she'll tell me what she's thinking. ‘S'fine.' She manages to say without looking up. It was not a rude comment, but I could not read any expression in her voice. I need to feed her a longer line. ‘How do you think we could improve the play? I'm sure you have some ideas, I can see you thinking when someone suggests something that you don't approve with†¦' ‘Can you?' She looks up ‘Sorry, I don't mean to I just†¦' ‘Danielle, don't apologise, I think they give the most stupid suggestions too, you and I both know that putting a brown paper bag over someone's face is not going to work as a mask!' Relief spreads over me as I actually see a smile spread across her face and she giggles. I rarely see her smile, if ever and when she does, I know it means something, I don't know what. I just know. I sit there for fifteen minutes, talking to her about how we could improve the play and I found out that she thinks of the same things as me and spots the same tiny mistakes that people make. She told me that she gave up suggesting things because people ignored her whatever the idea and relied on me to say what she was thinking. I promised her I would suggest that the class does the things Danielle pointed out and I also promised that I would not mention her name and we would see how they reacted to them. She smiled. I returned the gesture. And she went to her next lesson. That was not hard, and I received a smile! When I connect with a student, it is what makes the job worth while, not when I make one cry (Sharyn Tinton†¦.) Next period is a break for me, which gives me time to sort out all my lesson plans. I only teach three lessons today, which means I have lots of free time to mark essays and drama assignments. How exciting. Marking has to be the worst thing about teaching. The reason everyone loves leaving school when they are eighteen is because there will be no more homework when they get a job and of course, they are leaving school. Well. For me, it is different, I am still at school and I still have homework and I still hate homework! The free period passes quickly and I have to come out of my little drama office to teach another lesson. This time it is year eleven's. Are they still in their groups? Yes. Is there one person left out writing in her diary? Yes. Does everyone hate her? No. This is the difference. In year nine, they reject the out cast ignore her and hate her; in year eleven, they just reject her and ignore her, when they all have to work together, they can have a descent conversation with her but she does not respond so they give up. Why does she not respond? I think it is because she is fed up – fed up of people being so two faced. I would not know. GCSE drama, a great subject to be doing a GCSE in but what the students don't realise is that it is not a â€Å"dos† subject. Instead of teaching this lesson, I decide to lecture them on tardiness, forgetfulness and respect. They all sit there with long faces probably thinking oh just SHUT UP! But I don't mind – one of the student's talks to her friend and I send her out, I believe in giving people chances, but I have had so many complaints from group members about their peers not participating that I just blew it. None of them have ever seen me shout before, so I think it was very effective. No one talked as they walked out the class and I had several of them come up to me and apologise! Success! Lunch break. Or should I say, sit in my English â€Å"box† and mark homework to give to my next class. English homework is the worst. I sometimes wish I had been a maths teacher, all one has to do it get it right or wrong and if the answer is wrong, the teacher just puts a cross by it! English is a different matter entirely. I have to read every single word looking for spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and punctuation errors. Then I have to see if they have the content sorted out. I have to look for references to Shakespeare and the title etc. The list goes on! Before I know it, the bell has rung and I have a full classroom. Year nines. I have already had some of them this morning for Drama and it is interesting to see how they have changed from the morning to the afternoon – they have not! In the morning they are not quite awake yet and in the afternoon they are starting to fall asleep! I have pushed all the desks to the edges of the room – this lesson we are having a discussion. I have bought beanbags and cushions and put them in a circle and instead of teaching this lesson, I am sitting listening and taking part. The discussion is about Shakespeare's (oh whoopdeedoo) play The Merchant of Venice. The class has to take a side a) I feel sympathy for Shylock and b) I don't! The discussion goes well, with all members taking part in the discussion, no one talks while someone else is talking and it is a relaxed lesson with no pressure to perform well. Danielle actually smiles, everyone gives their homework in and I even receive a card from someone! I'll open it when I get home. I pack my belongings and work into my backpack and go to the loo's where I leave my clothes in a locker. I exchange my uniform for my leathers and close the door to the shower rooms. Walking down the corridor, I see happy students running around and collecting their possessions to take home with them. I walk down the stairs and meet the cat at the bottom. Stroking him with my one uncovered hand I tell him I'll see him tomorrow and seven thirty and I stand up. The huge, heavy door is already open, so I don't have to open it. I look at the lawn outside of the school and the students catching a lift home. As I walk down the stairs, I receive many goodbyes and smiles. I jump onto my Honda VTR 1000 sp-2 and just as I am about to put on my helmet I hear someone shout, â€Å"BYE MISS HOLCROFT!† It's Danielle! â€Å"Good bye Danielle!† I reply, put on my helmet, turn on the engine and zoom off! I arrive home half hour an later and switch some music on – classical, my favourite! Change into my dance pants and tee shirt, sit down, get my book from my bag and I open it. As I do so, something falls out of it; it is the card I found on my desk this afternoon. I open the card and it reads: Dear Miss Holcroft, HAPPY BIRTHDAY! Love Danielle xx Some one remembered.

JPMorgan Chase Essay

JPMorgan Chase is one of the oldest and most respected banks in the United States. However, during the summer of 2012 Chase announced trading losses and bad investment decisions that resulted in a loss of approximately $5.8 billion. Not only did they report this substantial loss they admitted to falsifying their first quarter reports, were they where attempting to conceal the massive loss. Three months prior to this event JPMorgan Chase was viewed as the top American bank. The first question to be discussed in this paper will be what actions can Administrative Agencies such the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take to prevent high risk gambles in securities/banking which are one of the main cornerstones of this country’s economy. According to the SEC, their â€Å"main mission is to protect investors, to maintain fair, orderly, efficient markets and facilitate capital formation† (www.sec.gov) One of the ways that SEC does this is by requiring public companies to disclose meaningful financial information to the public to help the public decide which companies will be the best to invest in. In response to the JPMorgan Chase revelation SEC Chairperson Mary Shapiro told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"her agency’s investigation is limited, because the trades happened in divisions of the banking giant that are not subject to SEC regulation†. She also stated that â€Å"we (the SEC) did not have any direct oversight or knowledge of the transactions†. In addition to the above statements Ms. Shapiro stated that â€Å"the SEC’s investigation would target the appropriateness and completeness of the entity’s (JPMorgan Chase) financial reporting and other public disclosure s† (Liberto, 2012). Next I will discuss the Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) main purpose as well as some of its other responsibilities. The Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC)  main purpose is to regulate commodity futures and options markets. Its goals include the promotion of competitive and efficient futures markets and the protection of investors against manipulation, abusive trade practices and fraud (www.sec.gov). Gary Gensler, chairman of the CFTC told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"he couldn’t provide specific information about the investigation, but he did say that he first learned about the questionable trades from press reports. He also stated that the CFTC does not have regulators on the ground to look at bank trades yet. Chairman Gensler also told the Banking Committee that currently, the American public is not protected in that way (e.g. having regulators looking at the trades as they happen) (Liberto, 2012). Regulators have been struggling for months trying to figure out who should be included in a new crackdown on swaps and derivatives. Swaps and derivatives are complex financial bets derived from other financial products. Gensler made it clear that once the Dodd-Frank Wall Street reforms are fully implemented it will be illegal for JPMorgan Chase to make the kinds of trades that resulted in the $5.8 billion loss. He also clarified that Dodd-Frank allows for trades made to hedge against â€Å"individual and aggregate positions† – not to guard against future economic losses, as the JPMorgan trades have been described (Liberto, 2012). Next I will cover the elements of a valid contract, as well as discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of god faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship â€Å"A contract is a legally enforceable promise or set of promises. If the promise is broken, the person to whom the promise was mad – the promise – has certain legal rights against the person who made the promise – the promisor† (Bagley, 2012). There are 4 basic elements to a contract and they are: 1) offer and acceptance, 2) consideration, 3) both parties must have the capacity to enter into a contract, 4) the contract must have a legal purpose. â€Å"The offer is a manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain that justifies another person in understanding that his or her assent will conclude the bargain† (Bagley, 2012). Acceptance indicates the receiving person’s willingness to enter into the agreement proposed in the offer (Bagley, 2012). Consideration is something of value that is provided by both parties (Bagley, 2012). Lastly, a valid contract requires that both parties have the capacity to enter into the agreement (Bagley, 2012. Next I will discuss the duty of god faith and fair dealing  in the consumer/banking relationship. Prior to 1929, Massachusetts expressly provided that good faith was applicable to all contracts. In 1929, the Supreme Judicial Court, in addressing a breach of contract claim under an option agreement for the purchase of stock in an oil-producing leasehold, expressly stated, for the first time, that there was an obligation of good faith and fair dealing in all contracts. The court emphasized that a business contract â€Å"is to be interpreted as a business transaction entered into by practical men to accomplish an honest and straightforward end†. Beginning in 1936, the duty of good faith was defined as a covenant â€Å"that neither party shall do anything which will have the effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract†. This â€Å"fruits† articulation of the duty of good faith remains intact today and is regularly quoted as the operative standard (Weigand, 2013). The next topic is to compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. There are several types of intentional torts and they are: torts against persons, intentional torts that involve personal property, and intentional torts with regard to economic interest and business relationships. There are also several types of negligent torts. Two of which are: duty to rescue and duty to invitees. Intentional torts against consist of battery, assault, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, and invasion of privacy. The key word in all of these intentional torts is intent or purpose to cause harm to another. Intentional torts against property include trespass of land, nuisance, conversion, and trespass to personal property. Intent and purpose are also why these are considered intentional. The key difference between these two torts is that one is against people and the other is a misuse of another’s property. An individual has to purpose commit these acts. Negligent torts consist of different types of duties. Duty is when a person with a legal duty to another is required to act, reasonably, under the circumstances to avoid harming the other person. Some examples of this are duty to rescue and duty to invitees. Duties are basically an obligation that one person is legally bound to perform for another. In comparing the two types of torts we find that intentional torts are torts that people commit against other people. Negligence also others but it is a failure to perform that causes the injury or unjust action. An  example of this comparison is the intentional tort of battery and failure to perform the duty to rescue. When I commit battery I cause harm to another, when I fail to perform the duty to rescue the other individual also suffers harm but it is because I failed to act. In contrast intentional torts are actions committed against another and negligence is when I fail to take action on another. Next I will discuss the tort action of â€Å"interference with contractual relations and participating in a breach of fiduciary duty†. Interference with contractual relations protects the right to enjoy the benefits of legal ly binding agreements. It provides a remedy when the defendant intentionally induces another person to breach a contract with a plaintiff. Interference with contractual relations requires intent to interfere. The existence of a contract is the difference between tortuous interference and the more difficult to prove tortuous interference with prospective contractual relations. The most famous case of tortuous interference was Pennzoil v Texaco which occurred in 1983 (Bagley, 2013). Similarly a defendant who knowingly participates in, or induces a breach of fiduciary duty by another commits the tort of participation in a breach of fiduciary duty. Lastly, I believe that if god grounds exist for the interference, such as exists in the JPMorgan Chase case then I should be able to prevail in the tort action. Lastly, I will cover how banks protect the software that allows for online transactions. Most banks protect the customers who participate in online transactions through what is called the Online Banking Guarantee. This protection covers your banking and personal information. It is the banks responsibility to ensure the customers protection while the customer engages in online transactions. In most if not all case the customer is 100% covered in the case of theft of funds. One of main defenses for software protection is through complex encryption systems. Another deterrent is simply the vast amount of software that is available for online banking. So between the wide array of software and encryption systems online banking transaction are relatively safe. In this paper I have covered several topics and they are as follows: What actions Administrative Agency’s take to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities and banking, the elements of a valid contract and the duty of good faith and fair dealing between banks and consumers, comparing and contrasting intentional and negligent torts, the tort action of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Interference with contractual relations and participating in a breach of fiduciary duty, and lastly, how banks protect the software that they use for online banking. References Bagley, C. (2013). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, 7th Edition. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Liberto, J. (2012) CNN Money. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/22/news/economy/jp-morgan-senate/index.htm U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission: http://www.cftc.gov/index.htm U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: http://www.sec.gov/ Weigand, T. (2013) . The Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealng in Commercial Contracts in Massachusetts, Massachusetts Law Review. Retrieved 10Sep13